[ovs-dev] [PATCH 6/9] Add SSL support to "stream" library and OVSDB.

Ben Pfaff blp at nicira.com
Mon Dec 21 21:15:46 UTC 2009


---
 lib/automake.mk             |    4 +
 lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man   |    2 +
 lib/ssl-syn.man             |    6 +
 lib/stream-provider.h       |    4 +
 lib/stream-ssl.c            | 1075 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/stream-ssl.h            |   54 +++
 lib/stream.c                |   22 +-
 lib/stream.h                |    2 +-
 lib/vlog-modules.def        |    1 +
 ovsdb/automake.mk           |   11 +-
 ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in     |   22 +-
 ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c        |   18 +-
 ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1.in     |   17 +-
 ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c        |   17 +-
 ovsdb/remote-active.man     |   11 +
 ovsdb/remote-passive.man    |   16 +
 tests/automake.mk           |    2 +-
 tests/test-jsonrpc.c        |   18 +-
 utilities/ovs-vsctl.8.in    |    6 +-
 vswitchd/ovs-brcompatd.8.in |    9 +-
 vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd.c     |    2 +-
 21 files changed, 1272 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man
 create mode 100644 lib/ssl-syn.man
 create mode 100644 lib/stream-ssl.c
 create mode 100644 lib/stream-ssl.h
 create mode 100644 ovsdb/remote-active.man
 create mode 100644 ovsdb/remote-passive.man

diff --git a/lib/automake.mk b/lib/automake.mk
index 5fd17c5..6336fe7 100644
--- a/lib/automake.mk
+++ b/lib/automake.mk
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ lib_libopenvswitch_a_SOURCES = \
 	lib/stream-fd.c \
 	lib/stream-fd.h \
 	lib/stream-provider.h \
+	lib/stream-ssl.h \
 	lib/stream-tcp.c \
 	lib/stream-unix.c \
 	lib/stream.c \
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ endif
 
 if HAVE_OPENSSL
 lib_libopenvswitch_a_SOURCES += \
+	lib/stream-ssl.c \
 	lib/vconn-ssl.c 
 nodist_lib_libopenvswitch_a_SOURCES += lib/dhparams.c
 lib/dhparams.c: lib/dh1024.pem lib/dh2048.pem lib/dh4096.pem
@@ -195,8 +197,10 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
 	lib/dpif.man \
 	lib/leak-checker.man \
 	lib/ssl-bootstrap.man \
+	lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man \
 	lib/ssl-peer-ca-cert.man \
 	lib/ssl.man \
+	lib/ssl-syn.man \
 	lib/vconn-active.man \
 	lib/vconn-passive.man \
 	lib/vlog-unixctl.man \
diff --git a/lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man b/lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9425321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.br
+[\fB\-\-bootstrap\-ca\-cert=\fIcacert.pem]
diff --git a/lib/ssl-syn.man b/lib/ssl-syn.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4914841
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/ssl-syn.man
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.IP "Public key infrastructure options:"
+[\fB\-\-private\-key=\fIprivkey.pem\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-\-certificate=\fIcert.pem\fR]
+.br
+[\fB\-\-ca\-cert=\fIswitch\-cacert.pem\fR]
diff --git a/lib/stream-provider.h b/lib/stream-provider.h
index 872da3c..d6bf0a2 100644
--- a/lib/stream-provider.h
+++ b/lib/stream-provider.h
@@ -181,5 +181,9 @@ extern struct stream_class tcp_stream_class;
 extern struct pstream_class ptcp_pstream_class;
 extern struct stream_class unix_stream_class;
 extern struct pstream_class punix_pstream_class;
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+extern struct stream_class ssl_stream_class;
+extern struct pstream_class pssl_pstream_class;
+#endif
 
 #endif /* stream-provider.h */
diff --git a/lib/stream-ssl.c b/lib/stream-ssl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b14ce55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/stream-ssl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Nicira Networks.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include "stream-ssl.h"
+#include "dhparams.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sys/fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "dynamic-string.h"
+#include "leak-checker.h"
+#include "ofpbuf.h"
+#include "openflow/openflow.h"
+#include "packets.h"
+#include "poll-loop.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "stream-provider.h"
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#include "vlog.h"
+#define THIS_MODULE VLM_stream_ssl
+
+/* Active SSL. */
+
+enum ssl_state {
+    STATE_TCP_CONNECTING,
+    STATE_SSL_CONNECTING
+};
+
+enum session_type {
+    CLIENT,
+    SERVER
+};
+
+struct ssl_stream
+{
+    struct stream stream;
+    enum ssl_state state;
+    int connect_error;
+    enum session_type type;
+    int fd;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    struct ofpbuf *txbuf;
+
+    /* rx_want and tx_want record the result of the last call to SSL_read()
+     * and SSL_write(), respectively:
+     *
+     *    - If the call reported that data needed to be read from the file
+     *      descriptor, the corresponding member is set to SSL_READING.
+     *
+     *    - If the call reported that data needed to be written to the file
+     *      descriptor, the corresponding member is set to SSL_WRITING.
+     *
+     *    - Otherwise, the member is set to SSL_NOTHING, indicating that the
+     *      call completed successfully (or with an error) and that there is no
+     *      need to block.
+     *
+     * These are needed because there is no way to ask OpenSSL what a data read
+     * or write would require without giving it a buffer to receive into or
+     * data to send, respectively.  (Note that the SSL_want() status is
+     * overwritten by each SSL_read() or SSL_write() call, so we can't rely on
+     * its value.)
+     *
+     * A single call to SSL_read() or SSL_write() can perform both reading
+     * and writing and thus invalidate not one of these values but actually
+     * both.  Consider this situation, for example:
+     *
+     *    - SSL_write() blocks on a read, so tx_want gets SSL_READING.
+     *
+     *    - SSL_read() laters succeeds reading from 'fd' and clears out the
+     *      whole receive buffer, so rx_want gets SSL_READING.
+     *
+     *    - Client calls stream_wait(STREAM_RECV) and stream_wait(STREAM_SEND)
+     *      and blocks.
+     *
+     *    - Now we're stuck blocking until the peer sends us data, even though
+     *      SSL_write() could now succeed, which could easily be a deadlock
+     *      condition.
+     *
+     * On the other hand, we can't reset both tx_want and rx_want on every call
+     * to SSL_read() or SSL_write(), because that would produce livelock,
+     * e.g. in this situation:
+     *
+     *    - SSL_write() blocks, so tx_want gets SSL_READING or SSL_WRITING.
+     *
+     *    - SSL_read() blocks, so rx_want gets SSL_READING or SSL_WRITING,
+     *      but tx_want gets reset to SSL_NOTHING.
+     *
+     *    - Client calls stream_wait(STREAM_RECV) and stream_wait(STREAM_SEND)
+     *      and blocks.
+     *
+     *    - Client wakes up immediately since SSL_NOTHING in tx_want indicates
+     *      that no blocking is necessary.
+     *
+     * The solution we adopt here is to set tx_want to SSL_NOTHING after
+     * calling SSL_read() only if the SSL state of the connection changed,
+     * which indicates that an SSL-level renegotiation made some progress, and
+     * similarly for rx_want and SSL_write().  This prevents both the
+     * deadlock and livelock situations above.
+     */
+    int rx_want, tx_want;
+};
+
+/* SSL context created by ssl_init(). */
+static SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+/* Required configuration. */
+static bool has_private_key, has_certificate, has_ca_cert;
+
+/* Ordinarily, we require a CA certificate for the peer to be locally
+ * available.  'has_ca_cert' is true when this is the case, and neither of the
+ * following variables matter.
+ *
+ * We can, however, bootstrap the CA certificate from the peer at the beginning
+ * of our first connection then use that certificate on all subsequent
+ * connections, saving it to a file for use in future runs also.  In this case,
+ * 'has_ca_cert' is false, 'bootstrap_ca_cert' is true, and 'ca_cert_file'
+ * names the file to be saved. */
+static bool bootstrap_ca_cert;
+static char *ca_cert_file;
+
+/* Who knows what can trigger various SSL errors, so let's throttle them down
+ * quite a bit. */
+static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(10, 25);
+
+static int ssl_init(void);
+static int do_ssl_init(void);
+static bool ssl_wants_io(int ssl_error);
+static void ssl_close(struct stream *);
+static void ssl_clear_txbuf(struct ssl_stream *);
+static int interpret_ssl_error(const char *function, int ret, int error,
+                               int *want);
+static DH *tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export UNUSED, int keylength);
+static void log_ca_cert(const char *file_name, X509 *cert);
+
+static short int
+want_to_poll_events(int want)
+{
+    switch (want) {
+    case SSL_NOTHING:
+        NOT_REACHED();
+
+    case SSL_READING:
+        return POLLIN;
+
+    case SSL_WRITING:
+        return POLLOUT;
+
+    default:
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+new_ssl_stream(const char *name, int fd, enum session_type type,
+              enum ssl_state state, const struct sockaddr_in *remote,
+              struct stream **streamp)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_in local;
+    socklen_t local_len = sizeof local;
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv;
+    SSL *ssl = NULL;
+    int on = 1;
+    int retval;
+
+    /* Check for all the needful configuration. */
+    retval = 0;
+    if (!has_private_key) {
+        VLOG_ERR("Private key must be configured to use SSL");
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+    if (!has_certificate) {
+        VLOG_ERR("Certificate must be configured to use SSL");
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+    if (!has_ca_cert && !bootstrap_ca_cert) {
+        VLOG_ERR("CA certificate must be configured to use SSL");
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx)) {
+        VLOG_ERR("Private key does not match certificate public key: %s",
+                 ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+    if (retval) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the local IP and port information */
+    retval = getsockname(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &local, &local_len);
+    if (retval) {
+        memset(&local, 0, sizeof local);
+    }
+
+    /* Disable Nagle. */
+    retval = setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &on, sizeof on);
+    if (retval) {
+        VLOG_ERR("%s: setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY): %s", name, strerror(errno));
+        retval = errno;
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Create and configure OpenSSL stream. */
+    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+    if (ssl == NULL) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_new: %s", ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (SSL_set_fd(ssl, fd) == 0) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_set_fd: %s", ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        retval = ENOPROTOOPT;
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (bootstrap_ca_cert && type == CLIENT) {
+        SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);
+    }
+
+    /* Create and return the ssl_stream. */
+    sslv = xmalloc(sizeof *sslv);
+    stream_init(&sslv->stream, &ssl_stream_class, EAGAIN, name);
+    stream_set_remote_ip(&sslv->stream, remote->sin_addr.s_addr);
+    stream_set_remote_port(&sslv->stream, remote->sin_port);
+    stream_set_local_ip(&sslv->stream, local.sin_addr.s_addr);
+    stream_set_local_port(&sslv->stream, local.sin_port);
+    sslv->state = state;
+    sslv->type = type;
+    sslv->fd = fd;
+    sslv->ssl = ssl;
+    sslv->txbuf = NULL;
+    sslv->rx_want = sslv->tx_want = SSL_NOTHING;
+    *streamp = &sslv->stream;
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    if (ssl) {
+        SSL_free(ssl);
+    }
+    close(fd);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+static struct ssl_stream *
+ssl_stream_cast(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    stream_assert_class(stream, &ssl_stream_class);
+    return CONTAINER_OF(stream, struct ssl_stream, stream);
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_open(const char *name, char *suffix, struct stream **streamp)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_in sin;
+    int error, fd;
+
+    error = ssl_init();
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    error = inet_open_active(SOCK_STREAM, suffix, OFP_SSL_PORT, &sin, &fd);
+    if (fd >= 0) {
+        int state = error ? STATE_TCP_CONNECTING : STATE_SSL_CONNECTING;
+        return new_ssl_stream(name, fd, CLIENT, state, &sin, streamp);
+    } else {
+        VLOG_ERR("%s: connect: %s", name, strerror(error));
+        return error;
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+do_ca_cert_bootstrap(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+    STACK_OF(X509) *chain;
+    X509 *ca_cert;
+    FILE *file;
+    int error;
+    int fd;
+
+    chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(sslv->ssl);
+    if (!chain || !sk_X509_num(chain)) {
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: no certificate presented by "
+                 "peer");
+        return EPROTO;
+    }
+    ca_cert = sk_X509_value(chain, sk_X509_num(chain) - 1);
+
+    /* Check that 'ca_cert' is self-signed.  Otherwise it is not a CA
+     * certificate and we should not attempt to use it as one. */
+    error = X509_check_issued(ca_cert, ca_cert);
+    if (error) {
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: obtained certificate is "
+                 "not self-signed (%s)",
+                 X509_verify_cert_error_string(error));
+        if (sk_X509_num(chain) < 2) {
+            VLOG_ERR("only one certificate was received, so probably the peer "
+                     "is not configured to send its CA certificate");
+        }
+        return EPROTO;
+    }
+
+    fd = open(ca_cert_file, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0444);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: creating %s failed: %s",
+                 ca_cert_file, strerror(errno));
+        return errno;
+    }
+
+    file = fdopen(fd, "w");
+    if (!file) {
+        int error = errno;
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: fdopen failed: %s",
+                 strerror(error));
+        unlink(ca_cert_file);
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    if (!PEM_write_X509(file, ca_cert)) {
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: PEM_write_X509 to %s failed: "
+                 "%s", ca_cert_file, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        fclose(file);
+        unlink(ca_cert_file);
+        return EIO;
+    }
+
+    if (fclose(file)) {
+        int error = errno;
+        VLOG_ERR("could not bootstrap CA cert: writing %s failed: %s",
+                 ca_cert_file, strerror(error));
+        unlink(ca_cert_file);
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    VLOG_INFO("successfully bootstrapped CA cert to %s", ca_cert_file);
+    log_ca_cert(ca_cert_file, ca_cert);
+    bootstrap_ca_cert = false;
+    has_ca_cert = true;
+
+    /* SSL_CTX_add_client_CA makes a copy of ca_cert's relevant data. */
+    SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, ca_cert);
+
+    /* SSL_CTX_use_certificate() takes ownership of the certificate passed in.
+     * 'ca_cert' is owned by sslv->ssl, so we need to duplicate it. */
+    ca_cert = X509_dup(ca_cert);
+    if (!ca_cert) {
+        out_of_memory();
+    }
+    if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, ca_cert_file, NULL) != 1) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations: %s",
+                 ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        return EPROTO;
+    }
+    VLOG_INFO("killing successful connection to retry using CA cert");
+    return EPROTO;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_connect(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+    int retval;
+
+    switch (sslv->state) {
+    case STATE_TCP_CONNECTING:
+        retval = check_connection_completion(sslv->fd);
+        if (retval) {
+            return retval;
+        }
+        sslv->state = STATE_SSL_CONNECTING;
+        /* Fall through. */
+
+    case STATE_SSL_CONNECTING:
+        retval = (sslv->type == CLIENT
+                   ? SSL_connect(sslv->ssl) : SSL_accept(sslv->ssl));
+        if (retval != 1) {
+            int error = SSL_get_error(sslv->ssl, retval);
+            if (retval < 0 && ssl_wants_io(error)) {
+                return EAGAIN;
+            } else {
+                int unused;
+                interpret_ssl_error((sslv->type == CLIENT ? "SSL_connect"
+                                     : "SSL_accept"), retval, error, &unused);
+                shutdown(sslv->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
+                return EPROTO;
+            }
+        } else if (bootstrap_ca_cert) {
+            return do_ca_cert_bootstrap(stream);
+        } else if ((SSL_get_verify_mode(sslv->ssl)
+                    & (SSL_VERIFY_NONE | SSL_VERIFY_PEER))
+                   != SSL_VERIFY_PEER) {
+            /* Two or more SSL connections completed at the same time while we
+             * were in bootstrap mode.  Only one of these can finish the
+             * bootstrap successfully.  The other one(s) must be rejected
+             * because they were not verified against the bootstrapped CA
+             * certificate.  (Alternatively we could verify them against the CA
+             * certificate, but that's more trouble than it's worth.  These
+             * connections will succeed the next time they retry, assuming that
+             * they have a certificate against the correct CA.) */
+            VLOG_ERR("rejecting SSL connection during bootstrap race window");
+            return EPROTO;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    NOT_REACHED();
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_close(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+    ssl_clear_txbuf(sslv);
+    SSL_free(sslv->ssl);
+    close(sslv->fd);
+    free(sslv);
+}
+
+static int
+interpret_ssl_error(const char *function, int ret, int error,
+                    int *want)
+{
+    *want = SSL_NOTHING;
+
+    switch (error) {
+    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL_ERROR_NONE", function);
+        break;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN", function);
+        break;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+        *want = SSL_READING;
+        return EAGAIN;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+        *want = SSL_WRITING;
+        return EAGAIN;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL_ERROR_WANT_CONNECT", function);
+        break;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL_ERROR_WANT_ACCEPT", function);
+        break;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL_ERROR_WANT_X509_LOOKUP",
+                    function);
+        break;
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL: {
+        int queued_error = ERR_get_error();
+        if (queued_error == 0) {
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                int status = errno;
+                VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: system error (%s)",
+                             function, strerror(status));
+                return status;
+            } else {
+                VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: unexpected SSL connection close",
+                             function);
+                return EPROTO;
+            }
+        } else {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: %s",
+                         function, ERR_error_string(queued_error, NULL));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    case SSL_ERROR_SSL: {
+        int queued_error = ERR_get_error();
+        if (queued_error != 0) {
+            VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "%s: %s",
+                         function, ERR_error_string(queued_error, NULL));
+        } else {
+            VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: SSL_ERROR_SSL without queued error",
+                        function);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "%s: bad SSL error code %d", function, error);
+        break;
+    }
+    return EIO;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+ssl_recv(struct stream *stream, void *buffer, size_t n)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+    int old_state;
+    ssize_t ret;
+
+    /* Behavior of zero-byte SSL_read is poorly defined. */
+    assert(n > 0);
+
+    old_state = SSL_get_state(sslv->ssl);
+    ret = SSL_read(sslv->ssl, buffer, n);
+    if (old_state != SSL_get_state(sslv->ssl)) {
+        sslv->tx_want = SSL_NOTHING;
+    }
+    sslv->rx_want = SSL_NOTHING;
+
+    if (ret > 0) {
+        return ret;
+    } else {
+        int error = SSL_get_error(sslv->ssl, ret);
+        if (error == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return interpret_ssl_error("SSL_read", ret, error, &sslv->rx_want);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_clear_txbuf(struct ssl_stream *sslv)
+{
+    ofpbuf_delete(sslv->txbuf);
+    sslv->txbuf = NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_do_tx(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        int old_state = SSL_get_state(sslv->ssl);
+        int ret = SSL_write(sslv->ssl, sslv->txbuf->data, sslv->txbuf->size);
+        if (old_state != SSL_get_state(sslv->ssl)) {
+            sslv->rx_want = SSL_NOTHING;
+        }
+        sslv->tx_want = SSL_NOTHING;
+        if (ret > 0) {
+            ofpbuf_pull(sslv->txbuf, ret);
+            if (sslv->txbuf->size == 0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            int ssl_error = SSL_get_error(sslv->ssl, ret);
+            if (ssl_error == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN) {
+                VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "SSL_write: connection closed");
+                return EPIPE;
+            } else {
+                return interpret_ssl_error("SSL_write", ret, ssl_error,
+                                           &sslv->tx_want);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+ssl_send(struct stream *stream, const void *buffer, size_t n)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+
+    if (sslv->txbuf) {
+        return EAGAIN;
+    } else {
+        int error;
+
+        sslv->txbuf = ofpbuf_clone_data(buffer, n);
+        error = ssl_do_tx(stream);
+        switch (error) {
+        case 0:
+            ssl_clear_txbuf(sslv);
+            return 0;
+        case EAGAIN:
+            leak_checker_claim(buffer);
+            return 0;
+        default:
+            sslv->txbuf = NULL;
+            return error;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_run(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+
+    if (sslv->txbuf && ssl_do_tx(stream) != EAGAIN) {
+        ssl_clear_txbuf(sslv);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_run_wait(struct stream *stream)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+
+    if (sslv->tx_want != SSL_NOTHING) {
+        poll_fd_wait(sslv->fd, want_to_poll_events(sslv->tx_want));
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_wait(struct stream *stream, enum stream_wait_type wait)
+{
+    struct ssl_stream *sslv = ssl_stream_cast(stream);
+
+    switch (wait) {
+    case STREAM_CONNECT:
+        if (stream_connect(stream) != EAGAIN) {
+            poll_immediate_wake();
+        } else {
+            switch (sslv->state) {
+            case STATE_TCP_CONNECTING:
+                poll_fd_wait(sslv->fd, POLLOUT);
+                break;
+
+            case STATE_SSL_CONNECTING:
+                /* ssl_connect() called SSL_accept() or SSL_connect(), which
+                 * set up the status that we test here. */
+                poll_fd_wait(sslv->fd,
+                             want_to_poll_events(SSL_want(sslv->ssl)));
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                NOT_REACHED();
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case STREAM_RECV:
+        if (sslv->rx_want != SSL_NOTHING) {
+            poll_fd_wait(sslv->fd, want_to_poll_events(sslv->rx_want));
+        } else {
+            poll_immediate_wake();
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case STREAM_SEND:
+        if (!sslv->txbuf) {
+            /* We have room in our tx queue. */
+            poll_immediate_wake();
+        } else {
+            /* stream_run_wait() will do the right thing; don't bother with
+             * redundancy. */
+        }
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
+}
+
+struct stream_class ssl_stream_class = {
+    "ssl",                      /* name */
+    ssl_open,                   /* open */
+    ssl_close,                  /* close */
+    ssl_connect,                /* connect */
+    ssl_recv,                   /* recv */
+    ssl_send,                   /* send */
+    ssl_run,                    /* run */
+    ssl_run_wait,               /* run_wait */
+    ssl_wait,                   /* wait */
+};
+
+/* Passive SSL. */
+
+struct pssl_pstream
+{
+    struct pstream pstream;
+    int fd;
+};
+
+struct pstream_class pssl_pstream_class;
+
+static struct pssl_pstream *
+pssl_pstream_cast(struct pstream *pstream)
+{
+    pstream_assert_class(pstream, &pssl_pstream_class);
+    return CONTAINER_OF(pstream, struct pssl_pstream, pstream);
+}
+
+static int
+pssl_open(const char *name, char *suffix, struct pstream **pstreamp)
+{
+    struct pssl_pstream *pssl;
+    int retval;
+    int fd;
+
+    retval = ssl_init();
+    if (retval) {
+        return retval;
+    }
+
+    fd = inet_open_passive(SOCK_STREAM, suffix, OFP_SSL_PORT);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        return -fd;
+    }
+
+    pssl = xmalloc(sizeof *pssl);
+    pstream_init(&pssl->pstream, &pssl_pstream_class, name);
+    pssl->fd = fd;
+    *pstreamp = &pssl->pstream;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+pssl_close(struct pstream *pstream)
+{
+    struct pssl_pstream *pssl = pssl_pstream_cast(pstream);
+    close(pssl->fd);
+    free(pssl);
+}
+
+static int
+pssl_accept(struct pstream *pstream, struct stream **new_streamp)
+{
+    struct pssl_pstream *pssl = pssl_pstream_cast(pstream);
+    struct sockaddr_in sin;
+    socklen_t sin_len = sizeof sin;
+    char name[128];
+    int new_fd;
+    int error;
+
+    new_fd = accept(pssl->fd, &sin, &sin_len);
+    if (new_fd < 0) {
+        int error = errno;
+        if (error != EAGAIN) {
+            VLOG_DBG_RL(&rl, "accept: %s", strerror(error));
+        }
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    error = set_nonblocking(new_fd);
+    if (error) {
+        close(new_fd);
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    sprintf(name, "ssl:"IP_FMT, IP_ARGS(&sin.sin_addr));
+    if (sin.sin_port != htons(OFP_SSL_PORT)) {
+        sprintf(strchr(name, '\0'), ":%"PRIu16, ntohs(sin.sin_port));
+    }
+    return new_ssl_stream(name, new_fd, SERVER, STATE_SSL_CONNECTING, &sin,
+                         new_streamp);
+}
+
+static void
+pssl_wait(struct pstream *pstream)
+{
+    struct pssl_pstream *pssl = pssl_pstream_cast(pstream);
+    poll_fd_wait(pssl->fd, POLLIN);
+}
+
+struct pstream_class pssl_pstream_class = {
+    "pssl",
+    pssl_open,
+    pssl_close,
+    pssl_accept,
+    pssl_wait,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if OpenSSL error is WANT_READ or WANT_WRITE, indicating that
+ * OpenSSL is requesting that we call it back when the socket is ready for read
+ * or writing, respectively.
+ */
+static bool
+ssl_wants_io(int ssl_error)
+{
+    return (ssl_error == SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE
+            || ssl_error == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ);
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_init(void)
+{
+    static int init_status = -1;
+    if (init_status < 0) {
+        init_status = do_ssl_init();
+        assert(init_status >= 0);
+    }
+    return init_status;
+}
+
+static int
+do_ssl_init(void)
+{
+    SSL_METHOD *method;
+
+    SSL_library_init();
+    SSL_load_error_strings();
+
+    method = TLSv1_method();
+    if (method == NULL) {
+        VLOG_ERR("TLSv1_method: %s", ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        return ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+
+    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(method);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_CTX_new: %s", ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        return ENOPROTOOPT;
+    }
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3);
+    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, tmp_dh_callback);
+    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE);
+    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER);
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
+                       NULL);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static DH *
+tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl UNUSED, int is_export UNUSED, int keylength)
+{
+    struct dh {
+        int keylength;
+        DH *dh;
+        DH *(*constructor)(void);
+    };
+
+    static struct dh dh_table[] = {
+        {1024, NULL, get_dh1024},
+        {2048, NULL, get_dh2048},
+        {4096, NULL, get_dh4096},
+    };
+
+    struct dh *dh;
+
+    for (dh = dh_table; dh < &dh_table[ARRAY_SIZE(dh_table)]; dh++) {
+        if (dh->keylength == keylength) {
+            if (!dh->dh) {
+                dh->dh = dh->constructor();
+                if (!dh->dh) {
+                    ovs_fatal(ENOMEM, "out of memory constructing "
+                              "Diffie-Hellman parameters");
+                }
+            }
+            return dh->dh;
+        }
+    }
+    VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "no Diffie-Hellman parameters for key length %d",
+                keylength);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Returns true if SSL is at least partially configured. */
+bool
+stream_ssl_is_configured(void) 
+{
+    return has_private_key || has_certificate || has_ca_cert;
+}
+
+void
+stream_ssl_set_private_key_file(const char *file_name)
+{
+    if (ssl_init()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx, file_name, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_use_PrivateKey_file: %s",
+                 ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        return;
+    }
+    has_private_key = true;
+}
+
+void
+stream_ssl_set_certificate_file(const char *file_name)
+{
+    if (ssl_init()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx, file_name) != 1) {
+        VLOG_ERR("SSL_use_certificate_file: %s",
+                 ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+        return;
+    }
+    has_certificate = true;
+}
+
+/* Reads the X509 certificate or certificates in file 'file_name'.  On success,
+ * stores the address of the first element in an array of pointers to
+ * certificates in '*certs' and the number of certificates in the array in
+ * '*n_certs', and returns 0.  On failure, stores a null pointer in '*certs', 0
+ * in '*n_certs', and returns a positive errno value.
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible for freeing '*certs'. */
+static int
+read_cert_file(const char *file_name, X509 ***certs, size_t *n_certs)
+{
+    FILE *file;
+    size_t allocated_certs = 0;
+
+    *certs = NULL;
+    *n_certs = 0;
+
+    file = fopen(file_name, "r");
+    if (!file) {
+        VLOG_ERR("failed to open %s for reading: %s",
+                 file_name, strerror(errno));
+        return errno;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        X509 *certificate;
+        int c;
+
+        /* Read certificate from file. */
+        certificate = PEM_read_X509(file, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (!certificate) {
+            size_t i;
+
+            VLOG_ERR("PEM_read_X509 failed reading %s: %s",
+                     file_name, ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+            for (i = 0; i < *n_certs; i++) {
+                X509_free((*certs)[i]);
+            }
+            free(*certs);
+            *certs = NULL;
+            *n_certs = 0;
+            return EIO;
+        }
+
+        /* Add certificate to array. */
+        if (*n_certs >= allocated_certs) {
+            *certs = x2nrealloc(*certs, &allocated_certs, sizeof **certs);
+        }
+        (*certs)[(*n_certs)++] = certificate;
+
+        /* Are there additional certificates in the file? */
+        do {
+            c = getc(file);
+        } while (isspace(c));
+        if (c == EOF) {
+            break;
+        }
+        ungetc(c, file);
+    }
+    fclose(file);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Sets 'file_name' as the name of a file containing one or more X509
+ * certificates to send to the peer.  Typical use in OpenFlow is to send the CA
+ * certificate to the peer, which enables a switch to pick up the controller's
+ * CA certificate on its first connection. */
+void
+stream_ssl_set_peer_ca_cert_file(const char *file_name)
+{
+    X509 **certs;
+    size_t n_certs;
+    size_t i;
+
+    if (ssl_init()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!read_cert_file(file_name, &certs, &n_certs)) {
+        for (i = 0; i < n_certs; i++) {
+            if (SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ctx, certs[i]) != 1) {
+                VLOG_ERR("SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert: %s",
+                         ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+            }
+        }
+        free(certs);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Logs fingerprint of CA certificate 'cert' obtained from 'file_name'. */
+static void
+log_ca_cert(const char *file_name, X509 *cert)
+{
+    unsigned char digest[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];
+    unsigned int n_bytes;
+    struct ds fp;
+    char *subject;
+
+    ds_init(&fp);
+    if (!X509_digest(cert, EVP_sha1(), digest, &n_bytes)) {
+        ds_put_cstr(&fp, "<out of memory>");
+    } else {
+        unsigned int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < n_bytes; i++) {
+            if (i) {
+                ds_put_char(&fp, ':');
+            }
+            ds_put_format(&fp, "%02hhx", digest[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    subject = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(cert), NULL, 0);
+    VLOG_INFO("Trusting CA cert from %s (%s) (fingerprint %s)", file_name,
+              subject ? subject : "<out of memory>", ds_cstr(&fp));
+    free(subject);
+    ds_destroy(&fp);
+}
+
+/* Sets 'file_name' as the name of the file from which to read the CA
+ * certificate used to verify the peer within SSL connections.  If 'bootstrap'
+ * is false, the file must exist.  If 'bootstrap' is false, then the file is
+ * read if it is exists; if it does not, then it will be created from the CA
+ * certificate received from the peer on the first SSL connection. */
+void
+stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(const char *file_name, bool bootstrap)
+{
+    X509 **certs;
+    size_t n_certs;
+    struct stat s;
+
+    if (ssl_init()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (bootstrap && stat(file_name, &s) && errno == ENOENT) {
+        bootstrap_ca_cert = true;
+        ca_cert_file = xstrdup(file_name);
+    } else if (!read_cert_file(file_name, &certs, &n_certs)) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        /* Set up list of CAs that the server will accept from the client. */
+        for (i = 0; i < n_certs; i++) {
+            /* SSL_CTX_add_client_CA makes a copy of the relevant data. */
+            if (SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, certs[i]) != 1) {
+                VLOG_ERR("failed to add client certificate %d from %s: %s",
+                         i, file_name,
+                         ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+            } else {
+                log_ca_cert(file_name, certs[i]);
+            }
+            X509_free(certs[i]);
+        }
+
+        /* Set up CAs for OpenSSL to trust in verifying the peer's
+         * certificate. */
+        if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, file_name, NULL) != 1) {
+            VLOG_ERR("SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations: %s",
+                     ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        has_ca_cert = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/stream-ssl.h b/lib/stream-ssl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c2a898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/stream-ssl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Nicira Networks.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef STREAM_SSL_H
+#define STREAM_SSL_H 1
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+bool stream_ssl_is_configured(void);
+void stream_ssl_set_private_key_file(const char *file_name);
+void stream_ssl_set_certificate_file(const char *file_name);
+void stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(const char *file_name, bool bootstrap);
+void stream_ssl_set_peer_ca_cert_file(const char *file_name);
+
+#define STREAM_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS                     \
+        {"private-key", required_argument, 0, 'p'}, \
+        {"certificate", required_argument, 0, 'c'}, \
+        {"ca-cert",     required_argument, 0, 'C'},
+
+#define STREAM_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS                      \
+        case 'p':                                       \
+            stream_ssl_set_private_key_file(optarg);    \
+            break;                                      \
+                                                        \
+        case 'c':                                       \
+            stream_ssl_set_certificate_file(optarg);    \
+            break;                                      \
+                                                        \
+        case 'C':                                       \
+            stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(optarg, false); \
+            break;
+#else /* !HAVE_OPENSSL */
+static inline bool stream_ssl_is_configured(void) 
+{
+    return false;
+}
+#define STREAM_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS
+#define STREAM_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS
+#endif /* !HAVE_OPENSSL */
+
+#endif /* stream-ssl.h */
diff --git a/lib/stream.c b/lib/stream.c
index 7511981..a568ec6 100644
--- a/lib/stream.c
+++ b/lib/stream.c
@@ -97,7 +97,8 @@ check_stream_classes(void)
 /* Prints information on active (if 'active') and passive (if 'passive')
  * connection methods supported by the stream. */
 void
-stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive)
+stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive,
+             bool bootstrap UNUSED)
 {
     /* Really this should be implemented via callbacks into the stream
      * providers, but that seems too heavy-weight to bother with at the
@@ -108,6 +109,10 @@ stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive)
         printf("Active %s connection methods:\n", name);
         printf("  tcp:IP:PORT             "
                "PORT at remote IP\n");
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        printf("  ssl:IP:PORT             "
+               "SSL PORT at remote IP\n");
+#endif
         printf("  unix:FILE               "
                "Unix domain socket named FILE\n");
     }
@@ -116,9 +121,24 @@ stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive)
         printf("Passive %s connection methods:\n", name);
         printf("  ptcp:PORT[:IP]          "
                "listen to TCP PORT on IP\n");
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        printf("  pssl:PORT[:IP]          "
+               "listen for SSL on PORT on IP\n");
+#endif
         printf("  punix:FILE              "
                "listen on Unix domain socket FILE\n");
     }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+    printf("PKI configuration (required to use SSL):\n"
+           "  -p, --private-key=FILE  file with private key\n"
+           "  -c, --certificate=FILE  file with certificate for private key\n"
+           "  -C, --ca-cert=FILE      file with peer CA certificate\n");
+    if (bootstrap) {
+        printf("  --bootstrap-ca-cert=FILE  file with peer CA certificate "
+               "to read or create\n");
+    }
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Attempts to connect a stream to a remote peer.  'name' is a connection name
diff --git a/lib/stream.h b/lib/stream.h
index ae30b10..3d398f5 100644
--- a/lib/stream.h
+++ b/lib/stream.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 struct pstream;
 struct stream;
 
-void stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive);
+void stream_usage(const char *name, bool active, bool passive, bool bootstrap);
 
 /* Bidirectional byte streams. */
 int stream_open(const char *name, struct stream **);
diff --git a/lib/vlog-modules.def b/lib/vlog-modules.def
index 3a4f92a..958db0e 100644
--- a/lib/vlog-modules.def
+++ b/lib/vlog-modules.def
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ VLOG_MODULE(reconnect)
 VLOG_MODULE(rtnetlink)
 VLOG_MODULE(stp)
 VLOG_MODULE(stream_fd)
+VLOG_MODULE(stream_ssl)
 VLOG_MODULE(stream_tcp)
 VLOG_MODULE(stream_unix)
 VLOG_MODULE(stream)
diff --git a/ovsdb/automake.mk b/ovsdb/automake.mk
index 2732c53..4156cab 100644
--- a/ovsdb/automake.mk
+++ b/ovsdb/automake.mk
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ ovsdb_libovsdb_a_SOURCES = \
 	ovsdb/trigger.h \
 	ovsdb/transaction.c \
 	ovsdb/transaction.h
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+	ovsdb/remote-active.man \
+	ovsdb/remote-passive.man
 
 # ovsdb-tool
 bin_PROGRAMS += ovsdb/ovsdb-tool
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST += ovsdb/ovsdb-tool.1.in
 # ovsdb-client
 bin_PROGRAMS += ovsdb/ovsdb-client
 ovsdb_ovsdb_client_SOURCES = ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c
-ovsdb_ovsdb_client_LDADD = ovsdb/libovsdb.a lib/libopenvswitch.a
+ovsdb_ovsdb_client_LDADD = ovsdb/libovsdb.a lib/libopenvswitch.a $(SSL_LIBS)
 # ovsdb-client.1
 man_MANS += ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1
 DISTCLEANFILES += ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1
@@ -49,7 +52,11 @@ EXTRA_DIST += ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in
 # ovsdb-server
 sbin_PROGRAMS += ovsdb/ovsdb-server
 ovsdb_ovsdb_server_SOURCES = ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c
-ovsdb_ovsdb_server_LDADD = ovsdb/libovsdb.a lib/libopenvswitch.a $(FAULT_LIBS)
+ovsdb_ovsdb_server_LDADD = \
+	ovsdb/libovsdb.a \
+	lib/libopenvswitch.a \
+	$(FAULT_LIBS) \
+	$(SSL_LIBS)
 # ovsdb-server.1
 man_MANS += ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1
 DISTCLEANFILES += ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1
diff --git a/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in b/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in
index 5ec42a9..716fcc2 100644
--- a/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in
+++ b/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.1.in
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ ovsdb\-client \- command-line interface to \fBovsdb-server\fR(1)
 [\fB--no-heading\fR]
 .so lib/daemon-syn.man
 .so lib/vlog-syn.man
+.so lib/ssl-syn.man
+.so lib/ssl-bootstrap-syn.man
 .so lib/common-syn.man
 .
 .SH DESCRIPTION
@@ -38,18 +40,10 @@ The \fBovsdb\-client\fR program is a command-line client for
 interacting with a running \fBovsdb\-server\fR process.  For each
 command, the \fIserver\fR to connect to must be specified in one of
 the following forms:
-.IP "\fBtcp:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
-Connect to the given TCP \fIport\fR on \fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Connect to the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
-.IP "\fBptcp:\fIport\fR[\fB:\fIip\fR]"
-Listen on the given TCP \fIport\fR for a connection.  By default,
-\fB\*(PN\fR listens for connections to any local IP address, but
-\fIip\fR may be specified to listen only for connections to the given
-\fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBpunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Listen on the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR for a
-connection.
+.RS
+.so ovsdb/remote-active.man
+.so ovsdb/remote-passive.man
+.RE
 .
 .SS "Commands"
 The following commands are implemented:
@@ -135,8 +129,8 @@ other command, they have no effect.
 .so lib/daemon.man
 .SS "Logging Options"
 .so lib/vlog.man
-.SS "Logging Options"
-.so lib/vlog.man
+.so lib/ssl.man
+.so lib/ssl-bootstrap.man
 .SS "Other Options"
 .so lib/common.man
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
diff --git a/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c b/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c
index 2eb70fc..fa17bd9 100644
--- a/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c
+++ b/ovsdb/ovsdb-client.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "ovsdb.h"
 #include "ovsdb-error.h"
 #include "stream.h"
+#include "stream-ssl.h"
 #include "table.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -77,6 +78,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 static void
 parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    enum {
+        OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT = UCHAR_MAX + 1
+    };
     static struct option long_options[] = {
         {"wide", no_argument, &output_width, INT_MAX},
         {"format", required_argument, 0, 'f'},
@@ -86,6 +90,10 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
         DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS,
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        {"bootstrap-ca-cert", required_argument, 0, OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT},
+        STREAM_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS
+#endif
         {0, 0, 0, 0},
     };
     char *short_options = long_options_to_short_options(long_options);
@@ -129,6 +137,14 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         DAEMON_OPTION_HANDLERS
 
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        STREAM_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS
+
+        case OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT:
+            stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(optarg, true);
+            break;
+#endif
+
         case '?':
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -162,7 +178,7 @@ usage(void)
            "    monitor contents of (COLUMNs in) TABLE on SERVER\n"
            "    Valid SELECTs are: initial, insert, delete, modify\n",
            program_name, program_name);
-    stream_usage("SERVER", true, true);
+    stream_usage("SERVER", true, true, true);
     printf("\nOutput formatting options:\n"
            "  -f, --format=FORMAT         set output formatting to FORMAT\n"
            "                              (\"table\", \"html\", or \"csv\"\n"
diff --git a/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1.in b/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1.in
index 9a888fc..12298ff 100644
--- a/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1.in
+++ b/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.1.in
@@ -30,34 +30,23 @@ using, for example, \fBovsdb\-tool create\fR.
 .IP "\fB\-\-listen=\fIlocal\fR"
 Makes \fBovsdb\-server\fR listen for JSON-RPC connections on
 \fIlocal\fR, which must take one of the following forms:
-.
 .RS
-.IP "\fBptcp:\fIport\fR[\fB:\fIip\fR]"
-Listens for JSON-RPC connections on the given TCP \fIport\fR.  By
-default, \fB\*(PN\fR listens for connections to any local IP address,
-but \fIip\fR may be specified to listen only for connections to the
-given \fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBpunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Listens for JSON-RPC connections on the Unix domain server socket
-named \fIfile\fR.
+.so ovsdb/remote-passive.man
 .RE
 .
 .IP "\fB\-\-connect=\fIremote\fR"
 Makes \fBovsdb\-server\fR initiate a JSON-RPC connection to
 \fIremote\fR, which must take one of the forms listed below.  The
 server will reconnect to \fIremote\fR as necessary.
-.
 .RS
-.IP "\fBtcp:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
-Connects to the given TCP \fIport\fR on \fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Connects to the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
+.so ovsdb/remote-active.man
 .RE
 .
 .SS "Daemon Options"
 .so lib/daemon.man
 .SS "Logging Options"
 .so lib/vlog.man
+.so lib/ssl.man
 .SS "Other Options"
 .so lib/common.man
 .SH "RUNTIME MANAGEMENT COMMANDS"
diff --git a/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c b/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c
index 125001f..54fd83e 100644
--- a/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c
+++ b/ovsdb/ovsdb-server.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "ovsdb-error.h"
 #include "poll-loop.h"
 #include "process.h"
+#include "stream-ssl.h"
 #include "stream.h"
 #include "svec.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[], char **file_namep,
         OPT_CONNECT,
         OPT_LISTEN,
         OPT_UNIXCTL,
+        OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT,
         VLOG_OPTION_ENUMS,
         LEAK_CHECKER_OPTION_ENUMS
     };
@@ -155,6 +157,10 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[], char **file_namep,
         DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS,
         VLOG_LONG_OPTIONS,
         LEAK_CHECKER_LONG_OPTIONS,
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        {"bootstrap-ca-cert", required_argument, 0, OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT},
+        STREAM_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS
+#endif
         {0, 0, 0, 0},
     };
     char *short_options = long_options_to_short_options(long_options);
@@ -193,6 +199,15 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[], char **file_namep,
         DAEMON_OPTION_HANDLERS
         LEAK_CHECKER_OPTION_HANDLERS
 
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        STREAM_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS
+
+        case OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT:
+            stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(optarg, true);
+            break;
+#endif
+
+
         case '?':
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -225,7 +240,7 @@ usage(void)
     printf("\nJSON-RPC options (may be specified any number of times):\n"
            "  --connect=REMOTE        make active connection to REMOTE\n"
            "  --listen=LOCAL          passively listen on LOCAL\n");
-    stream_usage("JSON-RPC", true, true);
+    stream_usage("JSON-RPC", true, true, true);
     daemon_usage();
     vlog_usage();
     printf("\nOther options:\n"
diff --git a/ovsdb/remote-active.man b/ovsdb/remote-active.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a934cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ovsdb/remote-active.man
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.IP "\fBssl:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
+The specified SSL \fIport\fR on the host at the given \fIip\fR, which
+must be expressed as an IP address (not a DNS name).  The
+\fB\-\-private\-key\fR, \fB\-\-certificate\fR, and \fB\-\-ca\-cert\fR
+options are mandatory when this form is used.
+.
+.IP "\fBtcp:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
+Connect to the given TCP \fIport\fR on \fIip\fR.
+.
+.IP "\fBunix:\fIfile\fR"
+Connect to the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
diff --git a/ovsdb/remote-passive.man b/ovsdb/remote-passive.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b313e92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ovsdb/remote-passive.man
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.IP "\fBpssl:\fIport\fR[\fB:\fIip\fR]"
+Listen on the given SSL \fIport\fR for a connection.  By default,
+\fB\*(PN\fR listens for connections to any local IP address, but
+specifying \fIip\fR limits connections to those from the given
+\fIip\fR.  The \fB\-\-private\-key\fR, \fB\-\-certificate\fR, and
+\fB\-\-ca\-cert\fR options are mandatory when this form is used.
+.
+.IP "\fBptcp:\fIport\fR[\fB:\fIip\fR]"
+Listen on the given TCP \fIport\fR for a connection.  By default,
+\fB\*(PN\fR listens for connections to any local IP address, but
+\fIip\fR may be specified to listen only for connections to the given
+\fIip\fR.
+.
+.IP "\fBpunix:\fIfile\fR"
+Listen on the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR for a
+connection.
diff --git a/tests/automake.mk b/tests/automake.mk
index 60c0393..0c81f3f 100644
--- a/tests/automake.mk
+++ b/tests/automake.mk
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ tests_test_json_LDADD = lib/libopenvswitch.a
 
 noinst_PROGRAMS += tests/test-jsonrpc
 tests_test_jsonrpc_SOURCES = tests/test-jsonrpc.c
-tests_test_jsonrpc_LDADD = lib/libopenvswitch.a
+tests_test_jsonrpc_LDADD = lib/libopenvswitch.a $(SSL_LIBS)
 
 noinst_PROGRAMS += tests/test-list
 tests_test_list_SOURCES = tests/test-list.c
diff --git a/tests/test-jsonrpc.c b/tests/test-jsonrpc.c
index 42d2c39..da92cec 100644
--- a/tests/test-jsonrpc.c
+++ b/tests/test-jsonrpc.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "daemon.h"
 #include "json.h"
 #include "poll-loop.h"
+#include "stream-ssl.h"
 #include "stream.h"
 #include "timeval.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -52,10 +53,17 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 static void
 parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    enum {
+        OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT = UCHAR_MAX + 1
+    };
     static struct option long_options[] = {
         {"verbose", optional_argument, 0, 'v'},
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS,
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        {"bootstrap-ca-cert", required_argument, 0, OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT},
+        STREAM_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS
+#endif
         {0, 0, 0, 0},
     };
     char *short_options = long_options_to_short_options(long_options);
@@ -76,6 +84,14 @@ parse_options(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         DAEMON_OPTION_HANDLERS
 
+#ifdef HAVE_OPENSSL
+        STREAM_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS
+
+        case OPT_BOOTSTRAP_CA_CERT:
+            stream_ssl_set_ca_cert_file(optarg, true);
+            break;
+#endif
+
         case '?':
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -95,7 +111,7 @@ usage(void)
            "  request REMOTE METHOD PARAMS   send request, print reply\n"
            "  notify REMOTE METHOD PARAMS  send notification and exit\n",
            program_name, program_name);
-    stream_usage("JSON-RPC", true, true);
+    stream_usage("JSON-RPC", true, true, true);
     daemon_usage();
     vlog_usage();
     printf("\nOther options:\n"
diff --git a/utilities/ovs-vsctl.8.in b/utilities/ovs-vsctl.8.in
index 09c3a04..a6782a7 100644
--- a/utilities/ovs-vsctl.8.in
+++ b/utilities/ovs-vsctl.8.in
@@ -74,11 +74,9 @@ contacts to query or modify configuration.  The default is
 \fBunix:@RUNDIR@/ovsdb\-server\fR.  \fIserver\fR must take one of the
 following forms:
 .RS
-.IP "\fBtcp:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
-Connect to the given TCP \fIport\fR on \fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Connect to the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
+.so ovsdb/remote-active.man
 .RE
+.
 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-wait\fR"
 Prevents \fBovs\-vsctl\fR from waiting for \fBovs\-vswitchd\fR to
 reconfigure itself according to the the modified database.  This
diff --git a/vswitchd/ovs-brcompatd.8.in b/vswitchd/ovs-brcompatd.8.in
index 28d2d98..f5dd62a 100644
--- a/vswitchd/ovs-brcompatd.8.in
+++ b/vswitchd/ovs-brcompatd.8.in
@@ -15,12 +15,9 @@ the \fBbrctl\fR program) to add or remove datapaths and the interfaces
 that attach to them.  
 .PP
 The mandatory \fIdatabase\fR argument specifies the
-\fBovsdb\-server\fR from which \fBovs\-vswitchd\fR's configuration
-is retrieved.  It takes one of the following forms:
-.IP "\fBtcp:\fIip\fB:\fIport\fR"
-Connect to the given TCP \fIport\fR on \fIip\fR.
-.IP "\fBunix:\fIfile\fR"
-Connect to the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
+\fBovsdb\-server\fR from which \fBovs\-vswitchd\fR's configuration is
+retrieved.  It should take the form \fBunix:\fIfile\fR, to connect to
+the Unix domain server socket named \fIfile\fR.
 .PP
 .SH OPTIONS
 .IP "\fB--appctl-command=\fIcommand\fR"
diff --git a/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd.c b/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd.c
index 4cefc40..606285d 100644
--- a/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd.c
+++ b/vswitchd/ovs-vswitchd.c
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ usage(void)
            "usage: %s [OPTIONS] DATABASE\n"
            "where DATABASE is a socket on which ovsdb-server is listening.\n",
            program_name, program_name);
-    stream_usage("DATABASE", true, false);
+    stream_usage("DATABASE", true, false, true);
     daemon_usage();
     vlog_usage();
     printf("\nLegacy compatibility options:\n"
-- 
1.6.3.3





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