[ovs-dev] [threaded reval 2/2] ofproto: Handle flow installation and eviction in upcall.

Ethan Jackson ethan at nicira.com
Thu Dec 19 20:51:04 UTC 2013


This patch moves flow installation and eviction from ofproto-dpif and
the main thread, into ofproto-dpif-upcall.  This performs
significantly better (approximately 2x TCP_CRR improvement), and
allows ovs-vswitchd to maintain significantly larger datapath flow
tables.  On top of that, it significantly simplifies the code,
retiring "struct facet" and friends.

Signed-off-by: Ethan Jackson <ethan at nicira.com>
---
 NEWS                            |    4 +
 ofproto/automake.mk             |    2 -
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c |  211 ----
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h |   58 --
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c   | 1022 +++++++++++++++----
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.h   |   86 +-
 ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c          | 2096 +++------------------------------------
 ofproto/ofproto-provider.h      |   12 +-
 ofproto/ofproto.c               |   29 +-
 ofproto/ofproto.h               |    7 +-
 tests/ofproto-dpif.at           |   71 +-
 tests/ovs-ofctl.at              |    2 +-
 tests/tunnel.at                 |   26 +-
 vswitchd/bridge.c               |    8 +-
 vswitchd/vswitch.xml            |   37 +-
 15 files changed, 1069 insertions(+), 2602 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c
 delete mode 100644 ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 45b8239..b279572 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ Post-v2.0.0
    - ovsdb-client:
      * The "monitor" command can now monitor all tables in a database,
        instead of being limited to a single table.
+   - The flow-eviction-threshold has been replaced by the flow-limit which is a
+     hard limit on the number of flows in the datapath.  It defaults to 200,000
+     flows.  OVS automatically adjusts this number depending on network
+     conditions.
 
 
 v2.0.0 - 15 Oct 2013
diff --git a/ofproto/automake.mk b/ofproto/automake.mk
index 25be105..068a742 100644
--- a/ofproto/automake.mk
+++ b/ofproto/automake.mk
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ ofproto_libofproto_la_SOURCES = \
 	ofproto/ofproto.h \
 	ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c \
 	ofproto/ofproto-dpif.h \
-	ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c \
-	ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h \
 	ofproto/ofproto-dpif-ipfix.c \
 	ofproto/ofproto-dpif-ipfix.h \
 	ofproto/ofproto-dpif-mirror.c \
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 459f871..0000000
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicira, Inc.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include "ofproto-dpif-governor.h"
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include "coverage.h"
-#include "poll-loop.h"
-#include "random.h"
-#include "timeval.h"
-#include "util.h"
-#include "valgrind.h"
-#include "vlog.h"
-
-VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(ofproto_dpif_governor);
-
-/* Minimum number of observed packets before setting up a flow.
- *
- * This value seems OK empirically. */
-#define FLOW_SETUP_THRESHOLD 5
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_SETUP_THRESHOLD > 1);
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(FLOW_SETUP_THRESHOLD < 16);
-
-/* Minimum and maximum size of a governor, in bytes. */
-enum { MIN_SIZE = 16 * 1024 };
-enum { MAX_SIZE = 256 * 1024 };
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(IS_POW2(MIN_SIZE));
-BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(IS_POW2(MAX_SIZE));
-
-/* Minimum and maximum time to process the number of packets that make up a
- * given generation.  If a generation completes faster than the minimum time,
- * we double the table size (but no more than MAX_SIZE).  If a generation take
- * more than the maximum time to complete, we halve the table size (but no
- * smaller than MIN_SIZE). */
-enum { MIN_ELAPSED = 1000 }; /* In milliseconds. */
-enum { MAX_ELAPSED = 5000 }; /* In milliseconds. */
-
-static void governor_new_generation(struct governor *, unsigned int size);
-
-/* Creates and returns a new governor. */
-struct governor *
-governor_create(void)
-{
-    struct governor *g = xzalloc(sizeof *g);
-    governor_new_generation(g, MIN_SIZE);
-    return g;
-}
-
-/* Destroys 'g'. */
-void
-governor_destroy(struct governor *g)
-{
-    if (g) {
-        VLOG_INFO("disengaging");
-        free(g->table);
-        free(g);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Performs periodic maintenance work on 'g'. */
-void
-governor_run(struct governor *g)
-{
-    if (time_msec() - g->start > MAX_ELAPSED) {
-        if (g->size > MIN_SIZE) {
-            governor_new_generation(g, g->size / 2);
-        } else {
-            /* Don't start a new generation (we'd never go idle). */
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/* Arranges for the poll loop to wake up when 'g' needs to do some work. */
-void
-governor_wait(struct governor *g)
-{
-    if (g->size > MIN_SIZE) {
-        poll_timer_wait_until(g->start + MAX_ELAPSED);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Returns true if 'g' has been doing only a minimal amount of work and thus
- * the client should consider getting rid of it entirely.  */
-bool
-governor_is_idle(struct governor *g)
-{
-    return g->size == MIN_SIZE && time_msec() - g->start > MAX_ELAPSED;
-}
-
-/* Tests whether a flow whose hash is 'hash' and for which 'n' packets have
- * just arrived should be set up in the datapath or just processed on a
- * packet-by-packet basis.  Returns true to set up a datapath flow, false to
- * process the packets individually.
- *
- * One would expect 'n' to ordinarily be 1, if batching leads multiple packets
- * to be processed at a time then it could be greater. */
-bool
-governor_should_install_flow(struct governor *g, uint32_t hash, int n)
-{
-    int old_count, new_count;
-    bool install_flow;
-    uint8_t *e;
-
-    ovs_assert(n > 0);
-
-    /* Count these packets and begin a new generation if necessary. */
-    g->n_packets += n;
-    if (g->n_packets >= g->size / 4) {
-        unsigned int new_size;
-        long long elapsed;
-
-        elapsed = time_msec() - g->start;
-        new_size = (elapsed < MIN_ELAPSED && g->size < MAX_SIZE ? g->size * 2
-                    : elapsed > MAX_ELAPSED && g->size > MIN_SIZE ? g->size / 2
-                    : g->size);
-        governor_new_generation(g, new_size);
-    }
-
-    /* If we've set up most of the flows we've seen, then we're wasting time
-     * handling most packets one at a time, so in this case instead set up most
-     * flows directly and use the remaining flows as a sample set to adjust our
-     * criteria later.
-     *
-     * The definition of "most" is conservative, but the sample size is tuned
-     * based on a few experiments with TCP_CRR mode in netperf. */
-    if (g->n_setups >= g->n_flows - g->n_flows / 16
-        && g->n_flows >= 64
-        && hash & 0x3f) {
-        g->n_shortcuts++;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /* Do hash table processing.
-     *
-     * Even-numbered hash values use high-order nibbles.
-     * Odd-numbered hash values use low-order nibbles. */
-    e = &g->table[(hash >> 1) & (g->size - 1)];
-    old_count = (hash & 1 ? *e >> 4 : *e & 0x0f);
-    if (!old_count) {
-        g->n_flows++;
-    }
-    new_count = n + old_count;
-    if (new_count >= FLOW_SETUP_THRESHOLD) {
-        g->n_setups++;
-        install_flow = true;
-        new_count = 0;
-    } else {
-        install_flow = false;
-    }
-    *e = hash & 1 ? (new_count << 4) | (*e & 0x0f) : (*e & 0xf0) | new_count;
-
-    return install_flow;
-}
-
-/* Starts a new generation in 'g' with a table size of 'size' bytes.  'size'
- * must be a power of two between MIN_SIZE and MAX_SIZE, inclusive. */
-static void
-governor_new_generation(struct governor *g, unsigned int size)
-{
-    ovs_assert(size >= MIN_SIZE && size <= MAX_SIZE);
-    ovs_assert(is_pow2(size));
-
-    /* Allocate new table, if necessary. */
-    if (g->size != size) {
-        if (!g->size) {
-            VLOG_INFO("engaging governor with %u kB hash table", size / 1024);
-        } else {
-            VLOG_INFO("processed %u packets in %.2f s, "
-                      "%s hash table to %u kB "
-                      "(%u hashes, %u setups, %u shortcuts)",
-                      g->n_packets,
-                      (time_msec() - g->start) / 1000.0,
-                      size > g->size ? "enlarging" : "shrinking",
-                      size / 1024,
-                      g->n_flows, g->n_setups, g->n_shortcuts);
-        }
-
-        free(g->table);
-        g->table = xmalloc(size * sizeof *g->table);
-        g->size = size;
-    } else {
-        VLOG_DBG("processed %u packets in %.2f s with %u kB hash table "
-                 "(%u hashes, %u setups, %u shortcuts)",
-                 g->n_packets, (time_msec() - g->start) / 1000.0,
-                 size / 1024, g->n_flows, g->n_setups, g->n_shortcuts);
-    }
-
-    /* Clear data for next generation. */
-    memset(g->table, 0, size * sizeof *g->table);
-    g->start = time_msec();
-    g->n_packets = 0;
-    g->n_flows /= 2;
-    g->n_setups /= 2;
-    g->n_shortcuts = 0;
-}
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e6ec92..0000000
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicira, Inc.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef OFPROTO_DPIF_GOVERNOR_H
-#define OFPROTO_DPIF_GOVERNOR_H 1
-
-/* Flow setup rate limiter.
- *
- * A governor in an engine limits a vehicle's speed.  This governor limits the
- * rate at which flows are set up in the datapath.  The client provides as
- * input the hashes of observed packets.  The governor keeps track of hashes
- * seen multiple times.  When a given hash is seen often enough, the governor
- * indicates to its client that it should set up a facet and a subfacet and a
- * datapath flow for that flow.
- *
- * The same tracking could be done in terms of facets and subfacets directly,
- * but the governor code uses much less time and space to do the same job. */
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-struct governor {
-    char *name;                 /* Name, for log messages. */
-    uint8_t *table;             /* Table of counters, two per byte. */
-    unsigned int size;          /* Table size in bytes. */
-    long long int start;        /* Time when the table was last cleared. */
-    unsigned int n_packets;     /* Number of packets processed. */
-
-    /* Statistics for skipping counters when most flows get set up. */
-    unsigned int n_flows;       /* Number of unique flows seen. */
-    unsigned int n_setups;      /* Number of flows set up based on counters. */
-    unsigned int n_shortcuts;   /* Number of flows set up based on history. */
-};
-
-struct governor *governor_create(void);
-void governor_destroy(struct governor *);
-
-void governor_run(struct governor *);
-void governor_wait(struct governor *);
-
-bool governor_is_idle(struct governor *);
-
-bool governor_should_install_flow(struct governor *, uint32_t hash, int n);
-
-#endif /* ofproto/ofproto-dpif-governor.h */
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c
index f0088f0..78424fd 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "ofpbuf.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-ipfix.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-sflow.h"
+#include "ofproto-dpif-xlate.h"
 #include "packets.h"
 #include "poll-loop.h"
 #include "seq.h"
@@ -38,17 +39,16 @@
 #include "vlog.h"
 
 #define MAX_QUEUE_LENGTH 512
+#define FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH 50
+#define REVALIDATE_MAX_BATCH 50
 
 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(ofproto_dpif_upcall);
 
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(drop_queue_overflow);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(upcall_queue_overflow);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(fmb_queue_overflow);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(fmb_queue_revalidated);
 
 /* A thread that processes each upcall handed to it by the dispatcher thread,
- * forwards the upcall's packet, and then queues it to the main ofproto_dpif
- * to possibly set up a kernel flow as a cache. */
+ * forwards the upcall's packet, and possibly sets up a kernel flow as a
+ * cache. */
 struct handler {
     struct udpif *udpif;               /* Parent udpif. */
     pthread_t thread;                  /* Thread ID. */
@@ -66,13 +66,34 @@ struct handler {
                                           'mutex'. */
 };
 
+/* A thread that processes each kernel flow handed to it by the flow_dumper
+ * thread, updates OpenFlow statistics, and updates or removes the kernel flow
+ * as necessary. */
+struct revalidator {
+    struct udpif *udpif;               /* Parent udpif. */
+    char *name;                        /* Thread name. */
+
+    pthread_t thread;                  /* Thread ID. */
+    struct hmap ukeys;                 /* Datapath flow keys. */
+
+    uint64_t dump_seq;
+
+    struct ovs_mutex mutex;            /* Mutex guarding the following. */
+    pthread_cond_t wake_cond;
+    struct list udumps OVS_GUARDED;    /* Unprocessed udumps. */
+    size_t n_udumps OVS_GUARDED;       /* Number of unprocessed udumps. */
+};
+
 /* An upcall handler for ofproto_dpif.
  *
- * udpif is implemented as a "dispatcher" thread that reads upcalls from the
- * kernel.  It processes each upcall just enough to figure out its next
- * destination.  For a "miss" upcall (MISS_UPCALL), this is one of several
- * "handler" threads (see struct handler).  Other upcalls are queued to the
- * main ofproto_dpif. */
+ * udpif has two logically separate pieces:
+ *
+ *    - A "dispatcher" thread that reads upcalls from the kernel and dispatches
+ *      them to one of several "handler" threads (see struct handler).
+ *
+ *    - A "flow_dumper" thread that reads the kernel flow table and dispatches
+ *      flows to one of several "revalidator" threads (see struct
+ *      revalidator). */
 struct udpif {
     struct list list_node;             /* In all_udpifs list. */
 
@@ -82,18 +103,30 @@ struct udpif {
     uint32_t secret;                   /* Random seed for upcall hash. */
 
     pthread_t dispatcher;              /* Dispatcher thread ID. */
+    pthread_t flow_dumper;             /* Flow dumper thread ID. */
 
     struct handler *handlers;          /* Upcall handlers. */
     size_t n_handlers;
 
-    /* Queues to pass up to ofproto-dpif. */
-    struct guarded_list drop_keys; /* "struct drop key"s. */
-    struct guarded_list fmbs;      /* "struct flow_miss_batch"es. */
+    struct revalidator *revalidators;  /* Flow revalidators. */
+    size_t n_revalidators;
+
+    uint64_t last_reval_seq;           /* 'reval_seq' at last revalidation. */
+    struct seq *reval_seq;             /* Incremented to force revalidation. */
+
+    struct seq *dump_seq;              /* Increments each dump iteration. */
+
+    struct latch exit_latch;           /* Tells child threads to exit. */
+
+    long long int dump_duration;       /* Duration of the last flow dump. */
 
-    struct seq *wait_seq;
-    struct seq *reval_seq;
+    /* Datapath flow statistics. */
+    unsigned int max_n_flows;
+    unsigned int avg_n_flows;
 
-    struct latch exit_latch; /* Tells child threads to exit. */
+    /* Following fields are accessed and modified by different threads. */
+    atomic_llong max_idle;             /* Maximum datapath flow idle time. */
+    atomic_uint flow_limit;            /* Datapath flow hard limit. */
 };
 
 enum upcall_type {
@@ -114,18 +147,92 @@ struct upcall {
     uint64_t upcall_stub[512 / 8];  /* Buffer to reduce need for malloc(). */
 };
 
+/* 'udpif_key's are responsible for tracking the little bit of state udpif
+ * needs to do flow expiration which can't be pulled directly from the
+ * datapath.  They are owned, created by, maintained, and destroyed by a single
+ * revalidator making them easy to efficiently handle with multiple threads. */
+struct udpif_key {
+    struct hmap_node hmap_node;     /* In parent revalidator 'ukeys' map. */
+
+    struct nlattr *key;            /* Datapath flow key. */
+    size_t key_len;                /* Length of 'key'. */
+
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;  /* Stats at most recent flow dump. */
+    long long int created;         /* Estimation of creation time. */
+
+    bool mark;                     /* Used by mark and sweep GC algorithm. */
+
+    struct odputil_keybuf key_buf; /* Memory for 'key'. */
+};
+
+/* 'udpif_flow_dump's hold the state associated with one iteration in a flow
+ * dump operation.  This is created by the flow_dumper thread and handed to the
+ * appropriate revalidator thread to be processed. */
+struct udpif_flow_dump {
+    struct list list_node;
+
+    struct nlattr *key;            /* Datapath flow key. */
+    size_t key_len;                /* Length of 'key'. */
+    uint32_t key_hash;             /* Hash of 'key'. */
+
+    struct odputil_keybuf mask_buf;
+    struct nlattr *mask;           /* Datapath mask for 'key'. */
+    size_t mask_len;               /* Length of 'mask'. */
+
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;  /* Stats pulled from the datapath. */
+
+    bool need_revalidate;          /* Key needs revalidation? */
+
+    struct odputil_keybuf key_buf;
+};
+
+/* Flow miss batching.
+ *
+ * Some dpifs implement operations faster when you hand them off in a batch.
+ * To allow batching, "struct flow_miss" queues the dpif-related work needed
+ * for a given flow.  Each "struct flow_miss" corresponds to sending one or
+ * more packets, plus possibly installing the flow in the dpif. */
+struct flow_miss {
+    struct hmap_node hmap_node;
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+
+    struct flow flow;
+    enum odp_key_fitness key_fitness;
+    const struct nlattr *key;
+    size_t key_len;
+    enum dpif_upcall_type upcall_type;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
+    odp_port_t odp_in_port;
+
+    uint64_t slow_path_buf[128 / 8];
+    struct odputil_keybuf mask_buf;
+
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+};
+
 static void upcall_destroy(struct upcall *);
 
 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
 static struct list all_udpifs = LIST_INITIALIZER(&all_udpifs);
 
 static void recv_upcalls(struct udpif *);
-static void handle_upcalls(struct udpif *, struct list *upcalls);
-static void miss_destroy(struct flow_miss *);
+static void handle_upcalls(struct handler *handler, struct list *upcalls);
+static void *udpif_flow_dumper(void *);
 static void *udpif_dispatcher(void *);
 static void *udpif_upcall_handler(void *);
+static void *udpif_revalidator(void *);
+static uint64_t udpif_get_n_flows(const struct udpif *);
+static void revalidate_udumps(struct revalidator *, struct list *udumps);
+static void revalidator_sweep(struct revalidator *);
 static void upcall_unixctl_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc,
                                 const char *argv[], void *aux);
+static void upcall_unixctl_disable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *, int argc,
+                                             const char *argv[], void *aux);
+static void upcall_unixctl_enable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *, int argc,
+                                            const char *argv[], void *aux);
+static void ukey_delete(struct revalidator *, struct udpif_key *);
+
+static atomic_bool enable_megaflows = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(true);
 
 struct udpif *
 udpif_create(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif *dpif)
@@ -136,17 +243,21 @@ udpif_create(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif *dpif)
     if (ovsthread_once_start(&once)) {
         unixctl_command_register("upcall/show", "", 0, 0, upcall_unixctl_show,
                                  NULL);
+        unixctl_command_register("upcall/disable-megaflows", "", 0, 0,
+                                 upcall_unixctl_disable_megaflows, NULL);
+        unixctl_command_register("upcall/enable-megaflows", "", 0, 0,
+                                 upcall_unixctl_enable_megaflows, NULL);
         ovsthread_once_done(&once);
     }
 
     udpif->dpif = dpif;
     udpif->backer = backer;
+    atomic_init(&udpif->max_idle, 5000);
+    atomic_init(&udpif->flow_limit, MIN(ofproto_flow_limit, 10000));
     udpif->secret = random_uint32();
-    udpif->wait_seq = seq_create();
     udpif->reval_seq = seq_create();
+    udpif->dump_seq = seq_create();
     latch_init(&udpif->exit_latch);
-    guarded_list_init(&udpif->drop_keys);
-    guarded_list_init(&udpif->fmbs);
     list_push_back(&all_udpifs, &udpif->list_node);
 
     return udpif;
@@ -155,62 +266,82 @@ udpif_create(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif *dpif)
 void
 udpif_destroy(struct udpif *udpif)
 {
-    struct flow_miss_batch *fmb;
-    struct drop_key *drop_key;
+    udpif_set_threads(udpif, 0, 0);
+    udpif_flush();
 
-    udpif_set_threads(udpif, 0);
     list_remove(&udpif->list_node);
-
-    while ((drop_key = drop_key_next(udpif))) {
-        drop_key_destroy(drop_key);
-    }
-
-    while ((fmb = flow_miss_batch_next(udpif))) {
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(fmb);
-    }
-
-    guarded_list_destroy(&udpif->drop_keys);
-    guarded_list_destroy(&udpif->fmbs);
     latch_destroy(&udpif->exit_latch);
-    seq_destroy(udpif->wait_seq);
     seq_destroy(udpif->reval_seq);
+    seq_destroy(udpif->dump_seq);
     free(udpif);
 }
 
 /* Tells 'udpif' how many threads it should use to handle upcalls.  Disables
- * all threads if 'n_handlers' is zero.  'udpif''s datapath handle must have
- * packet reception enabled before starting threads. */
+ * all threads if 'n_handlers' and 'n_revalidators' is zero.  'udpif''s
+ * datapath handle must have packet reception enabled before starting threads.
+ */
 void
-udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *udpif, size_t n_handlers)
+udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *udpif, size_t n_handlers,
+                  size_t n_revalidators)
 {
     /* Stop the old threads (if any). */
-    if (udpif->handlers && udpif->n_handlers != n_handlers) {
+    if (udpif->handlers &&
+        (udpif->n_handlers != n_handlers
+         || udpif->n_revalidators != n_revalidators)) {
         size_t i;
 
         latch_set(&udpif->exit_latch);
 
-        /* Wake the handlers so they can exit. */
         for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_handlers; i++) {
             struct handler *handler = &udpif->handlers[i];
 
             ovs_mutex_lock(&handler->mutex);
             xpthread_cond_signal(&handler->wake_cond);
             ovs_mutex_unlock(&handler->mutex);
+            xpthread_join(handler->thread, NULL);
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+
+            ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            xpthread_cond_signal(&revalidator->wake_cond);
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            xpthread_join(revalidator->thread, NULL);
         }
 
+        xpthread_join(udpif->flow_dumper, NULL);
         xpthread_join(udpif->dispatcher, NULL);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+            struct udpif_flow_dump *udump, *next_udump;
+            struct udpif_key *ukey, *next_ukey;
+
+            LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (udump, next_udump, list_node,
+                                &revalidator->udumps) {
+                list_remove(&udump->list_node);
+                free(udump);
+            }
+
+            HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (ukey, next_ukey, hmap_node,
+                                &revalidator->ukeys) {
+                ukey_delete(revalidator, ukey);
+            }
+            hmap_destroy(&revalidator->ukeys);
+            ovs_mutex_destroy(&revalidator->mutex);
+
+            free(revalidator->name);
+        }
+
         for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_handlers; i++) {
             struct handler *handler = &udpif->handlers[i];
             struct upcall *miss, *next;
 
-            xpthread_join(handler->thread, NULL);
-
-            ovs_mutex_lock(&handler->mutex);
             LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (miss, next, list_node, &handler->upcalls) {
                 list_remove(&miss->list_node);
                 upcall_destroy(miss);
             }
-            ovs_mutex_unlock(&handler->mutex);
             ovs_mutex_destroy(&handler->mutex);
 
             xpthread_cond_destroy(&handler->wake_cond);
@@ -218,6 +349,10 @@ udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *udpif, size_t n_handlers)
         }
         latch_poll(&udpif->exit_latch);
 
+        free(udpif->revalidators);
+        udpif->revalidators = NULL;
+        udpif->n_revalidators = 0;
+
         free(udpif->handlers);
         udpif->handlers = NULL;
         udpif->n_handlers = 0;
@@ -228,6 +363,8 @@ udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *udpif, size_t n_handlers)
         size_t i;
 
         udpif->n_handlers = n_handlers;
+        udpif->n_revalidators = n_revalidators;
+
         udpif->handlers = xzalloc(udpif->n_handlers * sizeof *udpif->handlers);
         for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_handlers; i++) {
             struct handler *handler = &udpif->handlers[i];
@@ -240,19 +377,22 @@ udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *udpif, size_t n_handlers)
             xpthread_create(&handler->thread, NULL, udpif_upcall_handler,
                             handler);
         }
-        xpthread_create(&udpif->dispatcher, NULL, udpif_dispatcher, udpif);
-    }
-}
 
-void
-udpif_wait(struct udpif *udpif)
-{
-    uint64_t seq = seq_read(udpif->wait_seq);
-    if (!guarded_list_is_empty(&udpif->drop_keys) ||
-        !guarded_list_is_empty(&udpif->fmbs)) {
-        poll_immediate_wake();
-    } else {
-        seq_wait(udpif->wait_seq, seq);
+        udpif->revalidators = xzalloc(udpif->n_revalidators
+                                      * sizeof *udpif->revalidators);
+        for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+
+            revalidator->udpif = udpif;
+            list_init(&revalidator->udumps);
+            hmap_init(&revalidator->ukeys);
+            ovs_mutex_init(&revalidator->mutex);
+            xpthread_cond_init(&revalidator->wake_cond, NULL);
+            xpthread_create(&revalidator->thread, NULL, udpif_revalidator,
+                            revalidator);
+        }
+        xpthread_create(&udpif->dispatcher, NULL, udpif_dispatcher, udpif);
+        xpthread_create(&udpif->flow_dumper, NULL, udpif_flow_dumper, udpif);
     }
 }
 
@@ -261,22 +401,16 @@ udpif_wait(struct udpif *udpif)
 void
 udpif_revalidate(struct udpif *udpif)
 {
-    struct flow_miss_batch *fmb, *next_fmb;
-    struct list fmbs;
-
-    /* Since we remove each miss on revalidation, their statistics won't be
-     * accounted to the appropriate 'facet's in the upper layer.  In most
-     * cases, this is alright because we've already pushed the stats to the
-     * relevant rules. */
     seq_change(udpif->reval_seq);
+}
 
-    guarded_list_pop_all(&udpif->fmbs, &fmbs);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (fmb, next_fmb, list_node, &fmbs) {
-        list_remove(&fmb->list_node);
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(fmb);
-    }
-
-    udpif_drop_key_clear(udpif);
+/* Returns a seq which increments every time 'udpif' pulls stats from the
+ * datapath.  Callers can use this to get a sense of when might be a good time
+ * to do periodic work which relies on relatively up to date statistics. */
+struct seq *
+udpif_dump_seq(struct udpif *udpif)
+{
+    return udpif->dump_seq;
 }
 
 void
@@ -294,8 +428,32 @@ udpif_get_memory_usage(struct udpif *udpif, struct simap *usage)
         simap_increase(usage, "handler upcalls",  handler->n_upcalls);
         ovs_mutex_unlock(&handler->mutex);
     }
+
+    simap_increase(usage, "revalidators", udpif->n_revalidators);
+    for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+        struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+        ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        simap_increase(usage, "revalidator dumps", revalidator->n_udumps);
+
+        /* XXX: This isn't technically thread safe because the revalidator
+         * ukeys maps isn't protected by a mutex since it's per thread. */
+        simap_increase(usage, "revalidator keys",
+                       hmap_count(&revalidator->ukeys));
+        ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+    }
 }
 
+/* Removes all flows from all datapaths. */
+void
+udpif_flush(void)
+{
+    struct udpif *udpif;
+
+    LIST_FOR_EACH (udpif, list_node, &all_udpifs) {
+        dpif_flow_flush(udpif->dpif);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Destroys and deallocates 'upcall'. */
 static void
 upcall_destroy(struct upcall *upcall)
@@ -307,103 +465,148 @@ upcall_destroy(struct upcall *upcall)
     }
 }
 
-/* Retrieves the next batch of processed flow misses for 'udpif' to install.
- * The caller is responsible for destroying it with flow_miss_batch_destroy().
- */
-struct flow_miss_batch *
-flow_miss_batch_next(struct udpif *udpif)
+static uint64_t
+udpif_get_n_flows(const struct udpif *udpif)
 {
-    int i;
+    struct dpif_dp_stats stats;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
-        struct flow_miss_batch *next;
-        struct list *next_node;
-
-        next_node = guarded_list_pop_front(&udpif->fmbs);
-        if (!next_node) {
-            break;
-        }
+    dpif_get_dp_stats(udpif->dpif, &stats);
+    return stats.n_flows;
+}
 
-        next = CONTAINER_OF(next_node, struct flow_miss_batch, list_node);
-        if (next->reval_seq == seq_read(udpif->reval_seq)) {
-            return next;
-        }
+/* The dispatcher thread is responsible for receiving upcalls from the kernel,
+ * assigning them to a upcall_handler thread. */
+static void *
+udpif_dispatcher(void *arg)
+{
+    struct udpif *udpif = arg;
 
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(next);
+    set_subprogram_name("dispatcher");
+    while (!latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+        recv_upcalls(udpif);
+        dpif_recv_wait(udpif->dpif);
+        latch_wait(&udpif->exit_latch);
+        poll_block();
     }
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
-/* Destroys and deallocates 'fmb'. */
-void
-flow_miss_batch_destroy(struct flow_miss_batch *fmb)
+static void *
+udpif_flow_dumper(void *arg)
 {
-    struct flow_miss *miss, *next;
-    struct upcall *upcall, *next_upcall;
-
-    if (!fmb) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (miss, next, hmap_node, &fmb->misses) {
-        hmap_remove(&fmb->misses, &miss->hmap_node);
-        miss_destroy(miss);
-    }
-
-    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (upcall, next_upcall, list_node, &fmb->upcalls) {
-        list_remove(&upcall->list_node);
-        upcall_destroy(upcall);
-    }
+    struct udpif *udpif = arg;
 
-    hmap_destroy(&fmb->misses);
-    free(fmb);
-}
+    set_subprogram_name("flow_dumper");
+    while (!latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+        const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats;
+        long long int start_time, duration;
+        const struct nlattr *key, *mask;
+        struct dpif_flow_dump dump;
+        size_t key_len, mask_len;
+        unsigned int flow_limit;
+        long long int max_idle;
+        bool need_revalidate;
+        uint64_t reval_seq;
+        size_t n_flows, i;
+
+        reval_seq = seq_read(udpif->reval_seq);
+        need_revalidate = udpif->last_reval_seq != reval_seq;
+        udpif->last_reval_seq = reval_seq;
+
+        n_flows = udpif_get_n_flows(udpif);
+        udpif->max_n_flows = MAX(n_flows, udpif->max_n_flows);
+        udpif->avg_n_flows = (udpif->avg_n_flows + n_flows) / 2;
+
+        atomic_read(&udpif->flow_limit, &flow_limit);
+        if (n_flows < flow_limit / 8) {
+            max_idle = 5000;
+        } else if (n_flows < flow_limit / 4) {
+            max_idle = 2000;
+        } else if (n_flows < flow_limit / 2) {
+            max_idle = 1000;
+        } else {
+            max_idle = 500;
+        }
+        atomic_store(&udpif->max_idle, max_idle);
+
+        start_time = time_msec();
+        dpif_flow_dump_start(&dump, udpif->dpif);
+        while (dpif_flow_dump_next(&dump, &key, &key_len, &mask, &mask_len,
+                                   NULL, NULL, &stats)
+               && !latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+            struct udpif_flow_dump *udump = xmalloc(sizeof *udump);
+            struct revalidator *revalidator;
+
+            udump->key_hash = hash_bytes(key, key_len, udpif->secret);
+            memcpy(&udump->key_buf, key, key_len);
+            udump->key = (struct nlattr *) &udump->key_buf;
+            udump->key_len = key_len;
+
+            memcpy(&udump->mask_buf, mask, mask_len);
+            udump->mask = (struct nlattr *) &udump->mask_buf;
+            udump->mask_len = mask_len;
+
+            udump->stats = *stats;
+            udump->need_revalidate = need_revalidate;
+
+            revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[udump->key_hash
+                % udpif->n_revalidators];
+
+            ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            while (revalidator->n_udumps >= REVALIDATE_MAX_BATCH * 3
+                   && !latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+                ovs_mutex_cond_wait(&revalidator->wake_cond,
+                                    &revalidator->mutex);
+            }
+            list_push_back(&revalidator->udumps, &udump->list_node);
+            revalidator->n_udumps++;
+            xpthread_cond_signal(&revalidator->wake_cond);
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        }
+        dpif_flow_dump_done(&dump);
+
+        /* Let all the revalidators finish and garbage collect. */
+        seq_change(udpif->dump_seq);
+        for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+            ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            xpthread_cond_signal(&revalidator->wake_cond);
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        }
 
-/* Retrieves the next drop key which ofproto-dpif needs to process.  The caller
- * is responsible for destroying it with drop_key_destroy(). */
-struct drop_key *
-drop_key_next(struct udpif *udpif)
-{
-    struct list *next = guarded_list_pop_front(&udpif->drop_keys);
-    return next ? CONTAINER_OF(next, struct drop_key, list_node) : NULL;
-}
+        for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
 
-/* Destroys and deallocates 'drop_key'. */
-void
-drop_key_destroy(struct drop_key *drop_key)
-{
-    if (drop_key) {
-        free(drop_key->key);
-        free(drop_key);
-    }
-}
+            ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            while (revalidator->dump_seq != seq_read(udpif->dump_seq)
+                   && !latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+                ovs_mutex_cond_wait(&revalidator->wake_cond,
+                                    &revalidator->mutex);
+            }
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        }
 
-/* Clears all drop keys waiting to be processed by drop_key_next(). */
-void
-udpif_drop_key_clear(struct udpif *udpif)
-{
-    struct drop_key *drop_key, *next;
-    struct list list;
+        duration = time_msec() - start_time;
+        udpif->dump_duration = duration;
+        if (duration > 2000) {
+            flow_limit /= duration / 1000;
+        } else if (duration > 1300) {
+            flow_limit = flow_limit * 3 / 4;
+        } else if (duration < 1000 && n_flows > 2000
+                   && flow_limit < n_flows * 1000 / duration) {
+            flow_limit += 1000;
+        }
+        flow_limit = MIN(ofproto_flow_limit, MAX(flow_limit, 1000));
+        atomic_store(&udpif->flow_limit, flow_limit);
 
-    guarded_list_pop_all(&udpif->drop_keys, &list);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (drop_key, next, list_node, &list) {
-        list_remove(&drop_key->list_node);
-        drop_key_destroy(drop_key);
-    }
-}
-
-/* The dispatcher thread is responsible for receiving upcalls from the kernel,
- * assigning them to a upcall_handler thread. */
-static void *
-udpif_dispatcher(void *arg)
-{
-    struct udpif *udpif = arg;
+        if (duration > 2000) {
+            VLOG_WARN("Spent an unreasonably long %lldms dumping flows",
+                      duration);
+        }
 
-    set_subprogram_name("dispatcher");
-    while (!latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
-        recv_upcalls(udpif);
-        dpif_recv_wait(udpif->dpif);
+        poll_timer_wait_until(start_time + MIN(max_idle, 500));
+        seq_wait(udpif->reval_seq, udpif->last_reval_seq);
         latch_wait(&udpif->exit_latch);
         poll_block();
     }
@@ -447,18 +650,57 @@ udpif_upcall_handler(void *arg)
         }
         ovs_mutex_unlock(&handler->mutex);
 
-        handle_upcalls(handler->udpif, &misses);
+        handle_upcalls(handler, &misses);
 
         coverage_clear();
     }
 }
-
-static void
-miss_destroy(struct flow_miss *miss)
+
+static void *
+udpif_revalidator(void *arg)
 {
-    xlate_out_uninit(&miss->xout);
-}
+    struct revalidator *revalidator = arg;
 
+    revalidator->name = xasprintf("revalidator_%u", ovsthread_id_self());
+    set_subprogram_name("%s", revalidator->name);
+    for (;;) {
+        struct list udumps = LIST_INITIALIZER(&udumps);
+        struct udpif *udpif = revalidator->udpif;
+        size_t i;
+
+        ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        if (latch_is_set(&udpif->exit_latch)) {
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (!revalidator->n_udumps) {
+            if (revalidator->dump_seq != seq_read(udpif->dump_seq)) {
+                revalidator->dump_seq = seq_read(udpif->dump_seq);
+                revalidator_sweep(revalidator);
+            } else {
+                ovs_mutex_cond_wait(&revalidator->wake_cond,
+                                    &revalidator->mutex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < REVALIDATE_MAX_BATCH && revalidator->n_udumps; i++) {
+            list_push_back(&udumps, list_pop_front(&revalidator->udumps));
+            revalidator->n_udumps--;
+        }
+
+        /* Wake up the flow dumper. */
+        xpthread_cond_signal(&revalidator->wake_cond);
+        ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+
+        if (!list_is_empty(&udumps)) {
+            revalidate_udumps(revalidator, &udumps);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
 static enum upcall_type
 classify_upcall(const struct upcall *upcall)
 {
@@ -601,6 +843,27 @@ recv_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif)
     }
 }
 
+/* Calculates slow path actions for 'xout'.  'buf' must statically be
+ * initialized with at least 128 bytes of space. */
+static void
+compose_slow_path(struct udpif *udpif, struct xlate_out *xout,
+                  odp_port_t odp_in_port, struct ofpbuf *buf)
+{
+    union user_action_cookie cookie;
+    odp_port_t port;
+    uint32_t pid;
+
+    cookie.type = USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SLOW_PATH;
+    cookie.slow_path.unused = 0;
+    cookie.slow_path.reason = xout->slow;
+
+    port = xout->slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_BFD | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)
+        ? ODPP_NONE
+        : odp_in_port;
+    pid = dpif_port_get_pid(udpif->dpif, port);
+    odp_put_userspace_action(pid, &cookie, sizeof cookie.slow_path, buf);
+}
+
 static struct flow_miss *
 flow_miss_find(struct hmap *todo, const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
@@ -617,19 +880,26 @@ flow_miss_find(struct hmap *todo, const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
 }
 
 static void
-handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
+handle_upcalls(struct handler *handler, struct list *upcalls)
 {
-    struct dpif_op *opsp[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct dpif_op ops[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
+    struct hmap misses = HMAP_INITIALIZER(&misses);
+    struct udpif *udpif = handler->udpif;
+
+    struct flow_miss miss_buf[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
+    struct dpif_op *opsp[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH * 2];
+    struct dpif_op ops[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH * 2];
+    struct flow_miss *miss, *next_miss;
     struct upcall *upcall, *next;
-    struct flow_miss_batch *fmb;
     size_t n_misses, n_ops, i;
-    struct flow_miss *miss;
+    unsigned int flow_limit;
+    bool fail_open, may_put;
     enum upcall_type type;
-    bool fail_open;
 
-    /* Extract the flow from each upcall.  Construct in fmb->misses a hash
-     * table that maps each unique flow to a 'struct flow_miss'.
+    atomic_read(&udpif->flow_limit, &flow_limit);
+    may_put = udpif_get_n_flows(udpif) < flow_limit;
+
+    /* Extract the flow from each upcall.  Construct in 'misses' a hash table
+     * that maps each unique flow to a 'struct flow_miss'.
      *
      * Most commonly there is a single packet per flow_miss, but there are
      * several reasons why there might be more than one, e.g.:
@@ -647,15 +917,11 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
      *     other end of the connection, which gives OVS a chance to set up a
      *     datapath flow.)
      */
-    fmb = xmalloc(sizeof *fmb);
-    fmb->reval_seq = seq_read(udpif->reval_seq);
-    hmap_init(&fmb->misses);
-    list_init(&fmb->upcalls);
     n_misses = 0;
     LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (upcall, next, list_node, upcalls) {
         struct dpif_upcall *dupcall = &upcall->dpif_upcall;
+        struct flow_miss *miss = &miss_buf[n_misses];
         struct ofpbuf *packet = &dupcall->packet;
-        struct flow_miss *miss = &fmb->miss_buf[n_misses];
         struct flow_miss *existing_miss;
         struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
         struct dpif_sflow *sflow;
@@ -669,8 +935,6 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
                               &ofproto, &ipfix, &sflow, NULL, &odp_in_port);
         if (error) {
             if (error == ENODEV) {
-                struct drop_key *drop_key;
-
                 /* Received packet on datapath port for which we couldn't
                  * associate an ofproto.  This can happen if a port is removed
                  * while traffic is being received.  Print a rate-limited
@@ -679,19 +943,9 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
                  * in the kernel. */
                 VLOG_INFO_RL(&rl, "received packet on unassociated datapath "
                              "port %"PRIu32, odp_in_port);
-
-                drop_key = xmalloc(sizeof *drop_key);
-                drop_key->key = xmemdup(dupcall->key, dupcall->key_len);
-                drop_key->key_len = dupcall->key_len;
-
-                if (guarded_list_push_back(&udpif->drop_keys,
-                                           &drop_key->list_node,
-                                           MAX_QUEUE_LENGTH)) {
-                    seq_change(udpif->wait_seq);
-                } else {
-                    COVERAGE_INC(drop_queue_overflow);
-                    drop_key_destroy(drop_key);
-                }
+                dpif_flow_put(udpif->dpif, DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY,
+                              dupcall->key, dupcall->key_len, NULL, 0, NULL, 0,
+                              NULL);
             }
             list_remove(&upcall->list_node);
             upcall_destroy(upcall);
@@ -706,10 +960,10 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
                          &flow.tunnel, &flow.in_port, &miss->flow);
 
             hash = flow_hash(&miss->flow, 0);
-            existing_miss = flow_miss_find(&fmb->misses, ofproto, &miss->flow,
+            existing_miss = flow_miss_find(&misses, ofproto, &miss->flow,
                                            hash);
             if (!existing_miss) {
-                hmap_insert(&fmb->misses, &miss->hmap_node, hash);
+                hmap_insert(&misses, &miss->hmap_node, hash);
                 miss->ofproto = ofproto;
                 miss->key = dupcall->key;
                 miss->key_len = dupcall->key_len;
@@ -718,6 +972,7 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
                 miss->stats.n_bytes = 0;
                 miss->stats.used = time_msec();
                 miss->stats.tcp_flags = 0;
+                miss->odp_in_port = odp_in_port;
 
                 n_misses++;
             } else {
@@ -786,13 +1041,21 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
      * We can't do this in the previous loop because we need the TCP flags for
      * all the packets in each miss. */
     fail_open = false;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (miss, hmap_node, &fmb->misses) {
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH (miss, hmap_node, &misses) {
         struct xlate_in xin;
 
         xlate_in_init(&xin, miss->ofproto, &miss->flow, NULL,
                       miss->stats.tcp_flags, NULL);
         xin.may_learn = true;
-        xin.resubmit_stats = &miss->stats;
+
+        if (miss->upcall_type == DPIF_UC_MISS) {
+            xin.resubmit_stats = &miss->stats;
+        } else {
+            /* For non-miss upcalls, there's a flow in the datapath which this
+             * packet was accounted to.  Presumably the revalidators will deal
+             * with pushing its stats eventually. */
+        }
+
         xlate_actions(&xin, &miss->xout);
         fail_open = fail_open || miss->xout.fail_open;
     }
@@ -813,6 +1076,9 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
     LIST_FOR_EACH (upcall, list_node, upcalls) {
         struct flow_miss *miss = upcall->flow_miss;
         struct ofpbuf *packet = &upcall->dpif_upcall.packet;
+        struct ofpbuf mask;
+        struct dpif_op *op;
+        bool megaflow;
 
         if (miss->xout.slow) {
             struct xlate_in xin;
@@ -821,9 +1087,38 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
             xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
         }
 
-        if (miss->xout.odp_actions.size) {
-            struct dpif_op *op;
+        atomic_read(&enable_megaflows, &megaflow);
+        ofpbuf_use_stack(&mask, &miss->mask_buf, sizeof miss->mask_buf);
+        if (megaflow) {
+            odp_flow_key_from_mask(&mask, &miss->xout.wc.masks, &miss->flow,
+                                   UINT32_MAX);
+        }
 
+        if (may_put) {
+            op = &ops[n_ops++];
+            op->type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT;
+            op->u.flow_put.flags = DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY;
+            op->u.flow_put.key = miss->key;
+            op->u.flow_put.key_len = miss->key_len;
+            op->u.flow_put.mask = mask.data;
+            op->u.flow_put.mask_len = mask.size;
+            op->u.flow_put.stats = NULL;
+
+            if (!miss->xout.slow) {
+                op->u.flow_put.actions = miss->xout.odp_actions.data;
+                op->u.flow_put.actions_len = miss->xout.odp_actions.size;
+            } else {
+                struct ofpbuf buf;
+
+                ofpbuf_use_stack(&buf, miss->slow_path_buf,
+                                 sizeof miss->slow_path_buf);
+                compose_slow_path(udpif, &miss->xout, miss->odp_in_port, &buf);
+                op->u.flow_put.actions = buf.data;
+                op->u.flow_put.actions_len = buf.size;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (miss->xout.odp_actions.size) {
             if (miss->flow.in_port.ofp_port
                 != vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(miss->ofproto,
                                           miss->flow.in_port.ofp_port,
@@ -882,17 +1177,287 @@ handle_upcalls(struct udpif *udpif, struct list *upcalls)
     }
     dpif_operate(udpif->dpif, opsp, n_ops);
 
-    list_move(&fmb->upcalls, upcalls);
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (miss, next_miss, hmap_node, &misses) {
+        hmap_remove(&misses, &miss->hmap_node);
+        xlate_out_uninit(&miss->xout);
+    }
+    hmap_destroy(&misses);
+
+    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (upcall, next, list_node, upcalls) {
+        list_remove(&upcall->list_node);
+        upcall_destroy(upcall);
+    }
+}
+
+static struct udpif_key *
+ukey_lookup(struct revalidator *revalidator, struct udpif_flow_dump *udump)
+{
+    struct udpif_key *ukey;
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (ukey, hmap_node, udump->key_hash,
+                             &revalidator->ukeys) {
+        if (ukey->key_len == udump->key_len
+            && !memcmp(ukey->key, udump->key, udump->key_len)) {
+            return ukey;
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+ukey_delete(struct revalidator *revalidator, struct udpif_key *ukey)
+{
+    hmap_remove(&revalidator->ukeys, &ukey->hmap_node);
+    free(ukey);
+}
+
+static bool
+revalidate_ukey(struct udpif *udpif, struct udpif_flow_dump *udump,
+                struct udpif_key *ukey)
+{
+    struct ofpbuf xout_actions, *actions;
+    uint64_t slow_path_buf[128 / 8];
+    struct xlate_out xout, *xoutp;
+    struct flow flow, udump_mask;
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats push;
+    uint32_t *udump32, *xout32;
+    odp_port_t odp_in_port;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
+    int error;
+    size_t i;
+    bool ok;
+
+    ok = false;
+    xoutp = NULL;
+    actions = NULL;
+
+    /* If we don't need to revalidate, we can simply push the stats contained
+     * in the udump, otherwise we'll have to get the actions so we can check
+     * them. */
+    if (udump->need_revalidate) {
+        if (dpif_flow_get(udpif->dpif, ukey->key, ukey->key_len, &actions,
+                          &udump->stats)) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    push.used = udump->stats.used;
+    push.tcp_flags = udump->stats.tcp_flags;
+    push.n_packets = udump->stats.n_packets > ukey->stats.n_packets
+        ? udump->stats.n_packets - ukey->stats.n_packets
+        : 0;
+    push.n_bytes = udump->stats.n_bytes > ukey->stats.n_bytes
+        ? udump->stats.n_bytes - ukey->stats.n_bytes
+        : 0;
+    ukey->stats = udump->stats;
+
+    if (!push.n_packets && !udump->need_revalidate) {
+        ok = true;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    error = xlate_receive(udpif->backer, NULL, ukey->key, ukey->key_len, &flow,
+                          NULL, &ofproto, NULL, NULL, NULL, &odp_in_port);
+    if (error) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &flow, NULL, push.tcp_flags, NULL);
+    xin.resubmit_stats = push.n_packets ? &push : NULL;
+    xin.may_learn = push.n_packets > 0;
+    xin.skip_wildcards = !udump->need_revalidate;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
+    xoutp = &xout;
 
-    if (fmb->reval_seq != seq_read(udpif->reval_seq)) {
-        COVERAGE_INC(fmb_queue_revalidated);
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(fmb);
-    } else if (!guarded_list_push_back(&udpif->fmbs, &fmb->list_node,
-                                       MAX_QUEUE_LENGTH)) {
-        COVERAGE_INC(fmb_queue_overflow);
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(fmb);
+    if (!udump->need_revalidate) {
+        ok = true;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (!xout.slow) {
+        ofpbuf_use_const(&xout_actions, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                         xout.odp_actions.size);
     } else {
-        seq_change(udpif->wait_seq);
+        ofpbuf_use_stack(&xout_actions, slow_path_buf, sizeof slow_path_buf);
+        compose_slow_path(udpif, &xout, odp_in_port, &xout_actions);
+    }
+
+    if (!ofpbuf_equal(&xout_actions, actions)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if (odp_flow_key_to_mask(udump->mask, udump->mask_len, &udump_mask, &flow)
+        == ODP_FIT_ERROR) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* Since the kernel is free to ignore wildcarded bits in the mask, we can't
+     * directly check that the masks are the same.  Instead we check that the
+     * mask in the kernel is more specific i.e. less wildcarded, than what
+     * we've calculated here.  This guarantees we don't catch any packets we
+     * shouldn't with the megaflow. */
+    udump32 = (uint32_t *) &udump_mask;
+    xout32 = (uint32_t *) &xout.wc.masks;
+    for (i = 0; i < FLOW_U32S; i++) {
+        if ((udump32[i] | xout32[i]) != udump32[i]) {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    ok = true;
+
+exit:
+    ofpbuf_delete(actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(xoutp);
+    return ok;
+}
+
+static void
+revalidate_udumps(struct revalidator *revalidator, struct list *udumps)
+{
+    struct udpif *udpif = revalidator->udpif;
+
+    struct {
+        struct dpif_flow_stats ukey_stats;    /* Stats stored in the ukey. */
+        struct dpif_flow_stats stats;         /* Stats for 'op'. */
+        struct dpif_op op;                    /* Flow del operation. */
+    } ops[REVALIDATE_MAX_BATCH];
+
+    struct dpif_op *opsp[REVALIDATE_MAX_BATCH];
+    struct udpif_flow_dump *udump, *next_udump;
+    size_t n_ops, i, n_flows;
+    unsigned int flow_limit;
+    long long int max_idle;
+    bool must_del;
+
+    atomic_read(&udpif->max_idle, &max_idle);
+    atomic_read(&udpif->flow_limit, &flow_limit);
+
+    n_flows = udpif_get_n_flows(udpif);
+
+    must_del = false;
+    if (n_flows > flow_limit) {
+        must_del = n_flows > 2 * flow_limit;
+        max_idle = 100;
+    }
+
+    n_ops = 0;
+    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (udump, next_udump, list_node, udumps) {
+        long long int used, now;
+        struct udpif_key *ukey;
+
+        now = time_msec();
+        ukey = ukey_lookup(revalidator, udump);
+
+        used = udump->stats.used;
+        if (!used && ukey) {
+            used = ukey->created;
+        }
+
+        if (must_del || (used && used < now - max_idle)) {
+            struct dpif_flow_stats *ukey_stats = &ops[n_ops].ukey_stats;
+            struct dpif_op *op = &ops[n_ops].op;
+
+            op->type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_DEL;
+            op->u.flow_del.key = udump->key;
+            op->u.flow_del.key_len = udump->key_len;
+            op->u.flow_del.stats = &ops[n_ops].stats;
+            n_ops++;
+
+            if (ukey) {
+                *ukey_stats = ukey->stats;
+                ukey_delete(revalidator, ukey);
+            } else {
+                memset(ukey_stats, 0, sizeof *ukey_stats);
+            }
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!ukey) {
+            ukey = xmalloc(sizeof *ukey);
+
+            ukey->key = (struct nlattr *) &ukey->key_buf;
+            memcpy(ukey->key, udump->key, udump->key_len);
+            ukey->key_len = udump->key_len;
+
+            ukey->created = used ? used : now;
+            memset(&ukey->stats, 0, sizeof ukey->stats);
+
+            ukey->mark = false;
+
+            hmap_insert(&revalidator->ukeys, &ukey->hmap_node,
+                        udump->key_hash);
+        }
+        ukey->mark = true;
+
+        if (!revalidate_ukey(udpif, udump, ukey)) {
+            dpif_flow_del(udpif->dpif, udump->key, udump->key_len, NULL);
+            ukey_delete(revalidator, ukey);
+        }
+
+        list_remove(&udump->list_node);
+        free(udump);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
+        opsp[i] = &ops[i].op;
+    }
+    dpif_operate(udpif->dpif, opsp, n_ops);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
+        struct dpif_flow_stats push, *stats, *ukey_stats;
+
+        ukey_stats  = &ops[i].ukey_stats;
+        stats = ops[i].op.u.flow_del.stats;
+        push.used = MAX(stats->used, ukey_stats->used);
+        push.tcp_flags = stats->tcp_flags | ukey_stats->tcp_flags;
+        push.n_packets = stats->n_packets - ukey_stats->n_packets;
+        push.n_bytes = stats->n_bytes - ukey_stats->n_bytes;
+
+        if (push.n_packets || netflow_exists()) {
+            struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+            struct netflow *netflow;
+            struct flow flow;
+
+            if (!xlate_receive(udpif->backer, NULL, ops[i].op.u.flow_del.key,
+                               ops[i].op.u.flow_del.key_len, &flow, NULL,
+                               &ofproto, NULL, NULL, &netflow, NULL)) {
+                struct xlate_in xin;
+
+                xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &flow, NULL, push.tcp_flags,
+                              NULL);
+                xin.resubmit_stats = push.n_packets ? &push : NULL;
+                xin.may_learn = push.n_packets > 0;
+                xin.skip_wildcards = true;
+                xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
+
+                if (netflow) {
+                    netflow_expire(netflow, &flow);
+                    netflow_flow_clear(netflow, &flow);
+                    netflow_unref(netflow);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (udump, next_udump, list_node, udumps) {
+        list_remove(&udump->list_node);
+        free(udump);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+revalidator_sweep(struct revalidator *revalidator)
+{
+    struct udpif_key *ukey, *next;
+
+    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (ukey, next, hmap_node, &revalidator->ukeys) {
+        if (ukey->mark) {
+            ukey->mark = false;
+        } else {
+            ukey_delete(revalidator, ukey);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -904,9 +1469,21 @@ upcall_unixctl_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
     struct udpif *udpif;
 
     LIST_FOR_EACH (udpif, list_node, &all_udpifs) {
+        unsigned int flow_limit;
+        long long int max_idle;
         size_t i;
 
+        atomic_read(&udpif->flow_limit, &flow_limit);
+        atomic_read(&udpif->max_idle, &max_idle);
+
         ds_put_format(&ds, "%s:\n", dpif_name(udpif->dpif));
+        ds_put_format(&ds, "\tflows         : (current %"PRIu64")"
+            " (avg %u) (max %u) (limit %u)\n", udpif_get_n_flows(udpif),
+            udpif->avg_n_flows, udpif->max_n_flows, flow_limit);
+        ds_put_format(&ds, "\tmax idle      : %lldms\n", max_idle);
+        ds_put_format(&ds, "\tdump duration : %lldms\n", udpif->dump_duration);
+
+        ds_put_char(&ds, '\n');
         for (i = 0; i < udpif->n_handlers; i++) {
             struct handler *handler = &udpif->handlers[i];
 
@@ -915,8 +1492,51 @@ upcall_unixctl_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
                           handler->name, handler->n_upcalls);
             ovs_mutex_unlock(&handler->mutex);
         }
+
+        ds_put_char(&ds, '\n');
+        for (i = 0; i < n_revalidators; i++) {
+            struct revalidator *revalidator = &udpif->revalidators[i];
+
+            /* XXX: The result of hmap_count(&revalidator->ukeys) may not be
+             * accurate because it's not protected by the revalidator mutex. */
+            ovs_mutex_lock(&revalidator->mutex);
+            ds_put_format(&ds, "\t%s: (dump queue %"PRIuSIZE") (keys %"PRIuSIZE
+                          ")\n", revalidator->name, revalidator->n_udumps,
+                          hmap_count(&revalidator->ukeys));
+            ovs_mutex_unlock(&revalidator->mutex);
+        }
     }
 
     unixctl_command_reply(conn, ds_cstr(&ds));
     ds_destroy(&ds);
 }
+
+/* Disable using the megaflows.
+ *
+ * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
+ * documented in the man page. */
+static void
+upcall_unixctl_disable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
+                                 int argc OVS_UNUSED,
+                                 const char *argv[] OVS_UNUSED,
+                                 void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+    atomic_store(&enable_megaflows, false);
+    udpif_flush();
+    unixctl_command_reply(conn, "megaflows disabled");
+}
+
+/* Re-enable using megaflows.
+ *
+ * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
+ * documented in the man page. */
+static void
+upcall_unixctl_enable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
+                                int argc OVS_UNUSED,
+                                const char *argv[] OVS_UNUSED,
+                                void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+    atomic_store(&enable_megaflows, true);
+    udpif_flush();
+    unixctl_command_reply(conn, "megaflows enabled");
+}
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.h b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.h
index a4d8228..d73ae4c 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.h
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif-upcall.h
@@ -15,90 +15,24 @@
 #ifndef OFPROTO_DPIF_UPCALL_H
 #define OFPROTO_DPIF_UPCALL_H
 
-#define FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH 50
-
-#include "dpif.h"
-#include "flow.h"
-#include "hmap.h"
-#include "list.h"
-#include "odp-util.h"
-#include "ofpbuf.h"
-#include "ofproto-dpif-xlate.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
 
 struct dpif;
 struct dpif_backer;
+struct seq;
+struct simap;
 
-/* udif is responsible for retrieving upcalls from the kernel, processing miss
- * upcalls, and handing more complex ones up to the main ofproto-dpif
- * module. */
+/* Udif is responsible for retrieving upcalls from the kernel and processing
+ * them.  Additionally, it's responsible for maintaining the datapath flow
+ * table. */
 
 struct udpif *udpif_create(struct dpif_backer *, struct dpif *);
-void udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *, size_t n_handlers);
+void udpif_set_threads(struct udpif *, size_t n_handlers,
+                       size_t n_revalidators);
 void udpif_destroy(struct udpif *);
-
-void udpif_wait(struct udpif *);
-
 void udpif_revalidate(struct udpif *);
-
 void udpif_get_memory_usage(struct udpif *, struct simap *usage);
-
-/* udpif figures out how to forward packets, and does forward them, but it
- * can't set up datapath flows on its own.  This interface passes packet
- * forwarding data from udpif to the higher level ofproto_dpif to allow the
- * latter to set up datapath flows. */
-
-/* Flow miss batching.
- *
- * Some dpifs implement operations faster when you hand them off in a batch.
- * To allow batching, "struct flow_miss" queues the dpif-related work needed
- * for a given flow.  Each "struct flow_miss" corresponds to sending one or
- * more packets, plus possibly installing the flow in the dpif. */
-struct flow_miss {
-    struct hmap_node hmap_node;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    struct flow flow;
-    enum odp_key_fitness key_fitness;
-    const struct nlattr *key;
-    size_t key_len;
-    enum dpif_upcall_type upcall_type;
-    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-};
-
-struct flow_miss_batch {
-    struct list list_node;
-
-    struct flow_miss miss_buf[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct hmap misses;
-
-    unsigned int reval_seq;
-
-    /* Flow misses refer to the memory held by "struct upcall"s,
-     * so we need to keep track of the upcalls to be able to
-     * free them when done. */
-    struct list upcalls;        /* Contains "struct upcall"s. */
-};
-
-struct flow_miss_batch *flow_miss_batch_next(struct udpif *);
-void flow_miss_batch_destroy(struct flow_miss_batch *);
-
-/* Drop keys are odp flow keys which have drop flows installed in the kernel.
- * These are datapath flows which have no associated ofproto, if they did we
- * would use facets.
- *
- * udpif can't install drop flows by itself.  This interfaces allows udpif to
- * pass the drop flows up to ofproto_dpif to get it to install them. */
-struct drop_key {
-    struct hmap_node hmap_node;
-    struct list list_node;
-    struct nlattr *key;
-    size_t key_len;
-};
-
-struct drop_key *drop_key_next(struct udpif *);
-void drop_key_destroy(struct drop_key *);
-void udpif_drop_key_clear(struct udpif *);
+struct seq *udpif_dump_seq(struct udpif *);
+void udpif_flush(void);
 
 #endif /* ofproto-dpif-upcall.h */
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
index 2544534..befa9f7 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-dpif.c
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
 #include "ofp-actions.h"
 #include "ofp-parse.h"
 #include "ofp-print.h"
-#include "ofproto-dpif-governor.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-ipfix.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-mirror.h"
 #include "ofproto-dpif-monitor.h"
@@ -71,13 +70,6 @@
 VLOG_DEFINE_THIS_MODULE(ofproto_dpif);
 
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(ofproto_dpif_expired);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_revalidate);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_unexpected);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_create);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_remove);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(subfacet_create);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(subfacet_destroy);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(subfacet_install_fail);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(packet_in_overflow);
 
 /* Number of implemented OpenFlow tables. */
@@ -86,24 +78,14 @@ enum { TBL_INTERNAL = N_TABLES - 1 };    /* Used for internal hidden rules. */
 BUILD_ASSERT_DECL(N_TABLES >= 2 && N_TABLES <= 255);
 
 struct flow_miss;
-struct facet;
 
 struct rule_dpif {
     struct rule up;
 
     /* These statistics:
      *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes from facets that have been deleted or
-     *     whose own statistics have been folded into the rule.
-     *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes sent "by hand" that were accounted to
-     *     the rule without any facet being involved (this is a rare corner
-     *     case in rule_execute()).
-     *
-     *   - Do not include packet or bytes that can be obtained from any facet's
-     *     packet_count or byte_count member or that can be obtained from the
-     *     datapath by, e.g., dpif_flow_get() for any subfacet.
-     */
+     *   - Do include packets and bytes from datapath flows which have not
+     *   recently been processed by a revalidator. */
     struct ovs_mutex stats_mutex;
     uint64_t packet_count OVS_GUARDED;  /* Number of packets received. */
     uint64_t byte_count OVS_GUARDED;    /* Number of bytes received. */
@@ -111,23 +93,15 @@ struct rule_dpif {
 
 static void rule_get_stats(struct rule *, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes);
 static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_cast(const struct rule *);
+static void rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *);
 
 struct group_dpif {
     struct ofgroup up;
 
     /* These statistics:
      *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes from facets that have been deleted or
-     *     whose own statistics have been folded into the rule.
-     *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes sent "by hand" that were accounted to
-     *     the rule without any facet being involved (this is a rare corner
-     *     case in rule_execute()).
-     *
-     *   - Do not include packet or bytes that can be obtained from any facet's
-     *     packet_count or byte_count member or that can be obtained from the
-     *     datapath by, e.g., dpif_flow_get() for any subfacet.
-     */
+     *   - Do include packets and bytes from datapath flows which have not
+     *   recently been processed by a revalidator. */
     struct ovs_mutex stats_mutex;
     uint64_t packet_count OVS_GUARDED;  /* Number of packets received. */
     uint64_t byte_count OVS_GUARDED;    /* Number of bytes received. */
@@ -166,161 +140,6 @@ static void stp_wait(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto);
 static int set_stp_port(struct ofport *,
                         const struct ofproto_port_stp_settings *);
 
-static void compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
-                              enum slow_path_reason,
-                              uint64_t *stub, size_t stub_size,
-                              const struct nlattr **actionsp,
-                              size_t *actions_lenp);
-
-/* A subfacet (see "struct subfacet" below) has three possible installation
- * states:
- *
- *   - SF_NOT_INSTALLED: Not installed in the datapath.  This will only be the
- *     case just after the subfacet is created, just before the subfacet is
- *     destroyed, or if the datapath returns an error when we try to install a
- *     subfacet.
- *
- *   - SF_FAST_PATH: The subfacet's actions are installed in the datapath.
- *
- *   - SF_SLOW_PATH: An action that sends every packet for the subfacet through
- *     ofproto_dpif is installed in the datapath.
- */
-enum subfacet_path {
-    SF_NOT_INSTALLED,           /* No datapath flow for this subfacet. */
-    SF_FAST_PATH,               /* Full actions are installed. */
-    SF_SLOW_PATH,               /* Send-to-userspace action is installed. */
-};
-
-/* A dpif flow and actions associated with a facet.
- *
- * See also the large comment on struct facet. */
-struct subfacet {
-    /* Owners. */
-    struct hmap_node hmap_node; /* In struct ofproto_dpif 'subfacets' list. */
-    struct list list_node;      /* In struct facet's 'facets' list. */
-    struct facet *facet;        /* Owning facet. */
-    struct dpif_backer *backer; /* Owning backer. */
-
-    struct nlattr *key;
-    int key_len;
-
-    long long int used;         /* Time last used; time created if not used. */
-    long long int created;      /* Time created. */
-
-    uint64_t dp_packet_count;   /* Last known packet count in the datapath. */
-    uint64_t dp_byte_count;     /* Last known byte count in the datapath. */
-
-    enum subfacet_path path;    /* Installed in datapath? */
-};
-
-#define SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH 50
-
-static struct subfacet *subfacet_create(struct facet *, struct flow_miss *,
-                                        uint32_t key_hash);
-static struct subfacet *subfacet_find(struct dpif_backer *,
-                                      const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len,
-                                      uint32_t key_hash);
-static void subfacet_destroy(struct subfacet *);
-static void subfacet_destroy__(struct subfacet *);
-static void subfacet_destroy_batch(struct dpif_backer *,
-                                   struct subfacet **, int n);
-static void subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *,
-                                    struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *,
-                                  const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static int subfacet_install(struct subfacet *,
-                            const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
-                            struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *);
-
-/* A unique, non-overlapping instantiation of an OpenFlow flow.
- *
- * A facet associates a "struct flow", which represents the Open vSwitch
- * userspace idea of an exact-match flow, with one or more subfacets.
- * While the facet is created based on an exact-match flow, it is stored
- * within the ofproto based on the wildcards that could be expressed
- * based on the flow table and other configuration.  (See the 'wc'
- * description in "struct xlate_out" for more details.)
- *
- * Each subfacet tracks the datapath's idea of the flow equivalent to
- * the facet.  When the kernel module (or other dpif implementation) and
- * Open vSwitch userspace agree on the definition of a flow key, there
- * is exactly one subfacet per facet.  If the dpif implementation
- * supports more-specific flow matching than userspace, however, a facet
- * can have more than one subfacet.  Examples include the dpif
- * implementation not supporting the same wildcards as userspace or some
- * distinction in flow that userspace simply doesn't understand.
- *
- * Flow expiration works in terms of subfacets, so a facet must have at
- * least one subfacet or it will never expire, leaking memory. */
-struct facet {
-    /* Owner. */
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    /* Owned data. */
-    struct list subfacets;
-    long long int used;         /* Time last used; time created if not used. */
-
-    /* Key. */
-    struct flow flow;           /* Flow of the creating subfacet. */
-    struct cls_rule cr;         /* In 'ofproto_dpif's facets classifier. */
-
-    /* These statistics:
-     *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes sent "by hand", e.g. with
-     *     dpif_execute().
-     *
-     *   - Do include packets and bytes that were obtained from the datapath
-     *     when a subfacet's statistics were reset (e.g. dpif_flow_put() with
-     *     DPIF_FP_ZERO_STATS).
-     *
-     *   - Do not include packets or bytes that can be obtained from the
-     *     datapath for any existing subfacet.
-     */
-    uint64_t packet_count;       /* Number of packets received. */
-    uint64_t byte_count;         /* Number of bytes received. */
-
-    /* Resubmit statistics. */
-    uint64_t prev_packet_count;  /* Number of packets from last stats push. */
-    uint64_t prev_byte_count;    /* Number of bytes from last stats push. */
-    long long int prev_used;     /* Used time from last stats push. */
-
-    /* Accounting. */
-    uint16_t tcp_flags;          /* TCP flags seen for this 'rule'. */
-
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-
-    /* Storage for a single subfacet, to reduce malloc() time and space
-     * overhead.  (A facet always has at least one subfacet and in the common
-     * case has exactly one subfacet.  However, 'one_subfacet' may not
-     * always be valid, since it could have been removed after newer
-     * subfacets were pushed onto the 'subfacets' list.) */
-    struct subfacet one_subfacet;
-
-    long long int learn_rl;      /* Rate limiter for facet_learn(). */
-};
-
-static struct facet *facet_create(const struct flow_miss *);
-static void facet_remove(struct facet *);
-static void facet_free(struct facet *);
-
-static struct facet *facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *);
-static struct facet *facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                        const struct flow *);
-static bool facet_revalidate(struct facet *);
-static bool facet_check_consistency(struct facet *);
-
-static void facet_flush_stats(struct facet *);
-
-static void facet_reset_counters(struct facet *);
-static void flow_push_stats(struct ofproto_dpif *, struct flow *,
-                            struct dpif_flow_stats *, bool may_learn);
-static void facet_push_stats(struct facet *, bool may_learn);
-static void facet_learn(struct facet *);
-static void push_all_stats(void);
-
-static bool facet_is_controller_flow(struct facet *);
-
 struct ofport_dpif {
     struct hmap_node odp_port_node; /* In dpif_backer's "odp_to_ofport_map". */
     struct ofport up;
@@ -394,8 +213,8 @@ struct dpif_completion {
     struct ofoperation *op;
 };
 
-/* Reasons that we might need to revalidate every facet, and corresponding
- * coverage counters.
+/* Reasons that we might need to revalidate every datapath flow, and
+ * corresponding coverage counters.
  *
  * A value of 0 means that there is no need to revalidate.
  *
@@ -409,7 +228,6 @@ enum revalidate_reason {
     REV_PORT_TOGGLED,          /* Port enabled or disabled by CFM, LACP, ...*/
     REV_FLOW_TABLE,            /* Flow table changed. */
     REV_MAC_LEARNING,          /* Mac learning changed. */
-    REV_INCONSISTENCY          /* Facet self-check failed. */
 };
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_reconfigure);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_stp);
@@ -417,7 +235,6 @@ COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_bond);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_port_toggled);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_flow_table);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_mac_learning);
-COVERAGE_DEFINE(rev_inconsistency);
 
 /* All datapaths of a given type share a single dpif backer instance. */
 struct dpif_backer {
@@ -425,43 +242,27 @@ struct dpif_backer {
     int refcount;
     struct dpif *dpif;
     struct udpif *udpif;
-    struct timer next_expiration;
 
     struct ovs_rwlock odp_to_ofport_lock;
     struct hmap odp_to_ofport_map OVS_GUARDED; /* Contains "struct ofport"s. */
 
     struct simap tnl_backers;      /* Set of dpif ports backing tunnels. */
 
-    /* Facet revalidation flags applying to facets which use this backer. */
-    enum revalidate_reason need_revalidate; /* Revalidate every facet. */
+    enum revalidate_reason need_revalidate; /* Revalidate all flows. */
 
-    struct hmap drop_keys; /* Set of dropped odp keys. */
     bool recv_set_enable; /* Enables or disables receiving packets. */
-
-    struct hmap subfacets;
-    struct governor *governor;
-
-    /* Subfacet statistics.
-     *
-     * These keep track of the total number of subfacets added and deleted and
-     * flow life span.  They are useful for computing the flow rates stats
-     * exposed via "ovs-appctl dpif/show".  The goal is to learn about
-     * traffic patterns in ways that we can use later to improve Open vSwitch
-     * performance in new situations.  */
-    unsigned max_n_subfacet;         /* Maximum number of flows */
-    unsigned avg_n_subfacet;         /* Average number of flows. */
 };
 
 /* All existing ofproto_backer instances, indexed by ofproto->up.type. */
 static struct shash all_dpif_backers = SHASH_INITIALIZER(&all_dpif_backers);
 
-static void drop_key_clear(struct dpif_backer *);
-
 struct ofproto_dpif {
     struct hmap_node all_ofproto_dpifs_node; /* In 'all_ofproto_dpifs'. */
     struct ofproto up;
     struct dpif_backer *backer;
 
+    uint64_t dump_seq; /* Last read of udpif_dump_seq(). */
+
     /* Special OpenFlow rules. */
     struct rule_dpif *miss_rule; /* Sends flow table misses to controller. */
     struct rule_dpif *no_packet_in_rule; /* Drops flow table misses. */
@@ -477,10 +278,6 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     bool lacp_enabled;
     struct mbridge *mbridge;
 
-    /* Facets. */
-    struct classifier facets;     /* Contains 'struct facet's. */
-    long long int consistency_rl;
-
     struct ovs_mutex stats_mutex;
     struct netdev_stats stats OVS_GUARDED; /* To account packets generated and
                                             * consumed in userspace. */
@@ -501,18 +298,10 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     int port_poll_errno;           /* Last errno for port_poll() reply. */
     uint64_t change_seq;           /* Connectivity status changes. */
 
-    /* Per ofproto's dpif stats. */
-    uint64_t n_hit;
-    uint64_t n_missed;
-
     /* Work queues. */
     struct guarded_list pins;      /* Contains "struct ofputil_packet_in"s. */
 };
 
-/* By default, flows in the datapath are wildcarded (megaflows).  They
- * may be disabled with the "ovs-appctl dpif/disable-megaflows" command. */
-static bool enable_megaflows = true;
-
 /* All existing ofproto_dpif instances, indexed by ->up.name. */
 static struct hmap all_ofproto_dpifs = HMAP_INITIALIZER(&all_ofproto_dpifs);
 
@@ -532,12 +321,6 @@ static void ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
                           const struct ofpact[], size_t ofpacts_len,
                           struct ds *);
 
-/* Upcalls. */
-static void handle_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *);
-
-/* Flow expiration. */
-static int expire(struct dpif_backer *);
-
 /* Global variables. */
 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
 
@@ -653,7 +436,6 @@ lookup_ofproto_dpif_by_port_name(const char *name)
 static int
 type_run(const char *type)
 {
-    static long long int push_timer = LLONG_MIN;
     struct dpif_backer *backer;
 
     backer = shash_find_data(&all_dpif_backers, type);
@@ -665,18 +447,6 @@ type_run(const char *type)
 
     dpif_run(backer->dpif);
 
-    handle_upcalls(backer);
-
-    /* The most natural place to push facet statistics is when they're pulled
-     * from the datapath.  However, when there are many flows in the datapath,
-     * this expensive operation can occur so frequently, that it reduces our
-     * ability to quickly set up flows.  To reduce the cost, we push statistics
-     * here instead. */
-    if (time_msec() > push_timer) {
-        push_timer = time_msec() + 2000;
-        push_all_stats();
-    }
-
     /* If vswitchd started with other_config:flow_restore_wait set as "true",
      * and the configuration has now changed to "false", enable receiving
      * packets from the datapath. */
@@ -695,7 +465,7 @@ type_run(const char *type)
     }
 
     if (backer->recv_set_enable) {
-        udpif_set_threads(backer->udpif, n_handlers);
+        udpif_set_threads(backer->udpif, n_handlers, n_revalidators);
     }
 
     if (backer->need_revalidate) {
@@ -763,18 +533,11 @@ type_run(const char *type)
         case REV_PORT_TOGGLED:  COVERAGE_INC(rev_port_toggled);  break;
         case REV_FLOW_TABLE:    COVERAGE_INC(rev_flow_table);    break;
         case REV_MAC_LEARNING:  COVERAGE_INC(rev_mac_learning);  break;
-        case REV_INCONSISTENCY: COVERAGE_INC(rev_inconsistency); break;
         }
         backer->need_revalidate = 0;
 
-        /* Clear the drop_keys in case we should now be accepting some
-         * formerly dropped flows. */
-        drop_key_clear(backer);
-
         HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-            struct facet *facet, *next;
             struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
-            struct cls_cursor cursor;
             struct ofbundle *bundle;
 
             if (ofproto->backer != backer) {
@@ -812,48 +575,13 @@ type_run(const char *type)
                                  ofport->is_tunnel, ofport->may_enable);
             }
             ovs_rwlock_unlock(&xlate_rwlock);
-
-            /* Only ofproto-dpif cares about the facet classifier so we just
-             * lock cls_cursor_init() to appease the thread safety analysis. */
-            ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-            cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-            ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-            CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH_SAFE (facet, next, cr, &cursor) {
-                facet_revalidate(facet);
-            }
         }
 
         udpif_revalidate(backer->udpif);
     }
 
-    if (!backer->recv_set_enable) {
-        /* Wake up before a max of 1000ms. */
-        timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, 1000);
-    } else if (timer_expired(&backer->next_expiration)) {
-        int delay = expire(backer);
-        timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, delay);
-    }
-
     process_dpif_port_changes(backer);
 
-    if (backer->governor) {
-        size_t n_subfacets;
-
-        governor_run(backer->governor);
-
-        /* If the governor has shrunk to its minimum size and the number of
-         * subfacets has dwindled, then drop the governor entirely.
-         *
-         * For hysteresis, the number of subfacets to drop the governor is
-         * smaller than the number needed to trigger its creation. */
-        n_subfacets = hmap_count(&backer->subfacets);
-        if (n_subfacets * 4 < flow_eviction_threshold
-            && governor_is_idle(backer->governor)) {
-            governor_destroy(backer->governor);
-            backer->governor = NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -998,13 +726,7 @@ type_wait(const char *type)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (backer->governor) {
-        governor_wait(backer->governor);
-    }
-
-    timer_wait(&backer->next_expiration);
     dpif_wait(backer->dpif);
-    udpif_wait(backer->udpif);
 }
 
 /* Basic life-cycle. */
@@ -1034,9 +756,6 @@ close_dpif_backer(struct dpif_backer *backer)
         return;
     }
 
-    drop_key_clear(backer);
-    hmap_destroy(&backer->drop_keys);
-
     udpif_destroy(backer->udpif);
 
     simap_destroy(&backer->tnl_backers);
@@ -1046,10 +765,6 @@ close_dpif_backer(struct dpif_backer *backer)
     free(backer->type);
     dpif_close(backer->dpif);
 
-    ovs_assert(hmap_is_empty(&backer->subfacets));
-    hmap_destroy(&backer->subfacets);
-    governor_destroy(backer->governor);
-
     free(backer);
 }
 
@@ -1116,13 +831,9 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
     backer->udpif = udpif_create(backer, backer->dpif);
 
     backer->type = xstrdup(type);
-    backer->governor = NULL;
     backer->refcount = 1;
     hmap_init(&backer->odp_to_ofport_map);
     ovs_rwlock_init(&backer->odp_to_ofport_lock);
-    hmap_init(&backer->drop_keys);
-    hmap_init(&backer->subfacets);
-    timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, 1000);
     backer->need_revalidate = 0;
     simap_init(&backer->tnl_backers);
     backer->recv_set_enable = !ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait();
@@ -1163,12 +874,9 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
     }
 
     if (backer->recv_set_enable) {
-        udpif_set_threads(backer->udpif, n_handlers);
+        udpif_set_threads(backer->udpif, n_handlers, n_revalidators);
     }
 
-    backer->max_n_subfacet = 0;
-    backer->avg_n_subfacet = 0;
-
     return error;
 }
 
@@ -1188,6 +896,7 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     ofproto->sflow = NULL;
     ofproto->ipfix = NULL;
     ofproto->stp = NULL;
+    ofproto->dump_seq = 0;
     hmap_init(&ofproto->bundles);
     ofproto->ml = mac_learning_create(MAC_ENTRY_DEFAULT_IDLE_TIME);
     ofproto->mbridge = mbridge_create();
@@ -1196,9 +905,6 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     ovs_mutex_init(&ofproto->stats_mutex);
     ovs_mutex_init(&ofproto->vsp_mutex);
 
-    classifier_init(&ofproto->facets, NULL);
-    ofproto->consistency_rl = LLONG_MIN;
-
     guarded_list_init(&ofproto->pins);
 
     ofproto_dpif_unixctl_init();
@@ -1236,9 +942,6 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     error = add_internal_flows(ofproto);
     ofproto->up.tables[TBL_INTERNAL].flags = OFTABLE_HIDDEN | OFTABLE_READONLY;
 
-    ofproto->n_hit = 0;
-    ofproto->n_missed = 0;
-
     return error;
 }
 
@@ -1324,18 +1027,9 @@ destruct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct rule_dpif *rule, *next_rule;
     struct ofproto_packet_in *pin, *next_pin;
-    struct facet *facet, *next_facet;
-    struct cls_cursor cursor;
     struct oftable *table;
     struct list pins;
 
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH_SAFE (facet, next_facet, cr, &cursor) {
-        facet_remove(facet);
-    }
-
     ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
     ovs_rwlock_wrlock(&xlate_rwlock);
     xlate_remove_ofproto(ofproto);
@@ -1373,8 +1067,6 @@ destruct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->bundles);
     mac_learning_unref(ofproto->ml);
 
-    classifier_destroy(&ofproto->facets);
-
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->vlandev_map);
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->realdev_vid_map);
 
@@ -1392,7 +1084,7 @@ static int
 run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    uint64_t new_seq;
+    uint64_t new_seq, new_dump_seq;
 
     if (mbridge_need_revalidate(ofproto->mbridge)) {
         ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
@@ -1451,28 +1143,35 @@ run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     }
     ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->ml->rwlock);
 
-    /* Check the consistency of a random facet, to aid debugging. */
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    if (time_msec() >= ofproto->consistency_rl
-        && !classifier_is_empty(&ofproto->facets)
-        && !ofproto->backer->need_revalidate) {
-        struct cls_subtable *table;
-        struct cls_rule *cr;
-        struct facet *facet;
-
-        ofproto->consistency_rl = time_msec() + 250;
-
-        table = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&ofproto->facets.subtables),
-                             struct cls_subtable, hmap_node);
-        cr = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&table->rules), struct cls_rule,
-                          hmap_node);
-        facet = CONTAINER_OF(cr, struct facet, cr);
-
-        if (!facet_check_consistency(facet)) {
-            ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
+    new_dump_seq = seq_read(udpif_dump_seq(ofproto->backer->udpif));
+    if (ofproto->dump_seq != new_dump_seq) {
+        struct rule *rule, *next_rule;
+
+        /* We know stats are relatively fresh, so now is a good time to do some
+         * periodic work. */
+        ofproto->dump_seq = new_dump_seq;
+
+        /* Expire OpenFlow flows whose idle_timeout or hard_timeout
+         * has passed. */
+        ovs_mutex_lock(&ofproto_mutex);
+        LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (rule, next_rule, expirable,
+                            &ofproto->up.expirable) {
+            rule_expire(rule_dpif_cast(rule));
+        }
+        ovs_mutex_unlock(&ofproto_mutex);
+
+        /* All outstanding data in existing flows has been accounted, so it's a
+         * good time to do bond rebalancing. */
+        if (ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
+            struct ofbundle *bundle;
+
+            HMAP_FOR_EACH (bundle, hmap_node, &ofproto->bundles) {
+                if (bundle->bond) {
+                    bond_rebalance(bundle->bond);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1511,27 +1210,8 @@ wait(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         VLOG_DBG_RL(&rl, "need revalidate in ofproto_wait_cb()");
         poll_immediate_wake();
     }
-}
 
-static void
-get_memory_usage(const struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct simap *usage)
-{
-    const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    struct cls_cursor cursor;
-    size_t n_subfacets = 0;
-    struct facet *facet;
-
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    simap_increase(usage, "facets", classifier_count(&ofproto->facets));
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
-        n_subfacets += list_size(&facet->subfacets);
-    }
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    simap_increase(usage, "subfacets", n_subfacets);
+    seq_wait(udpif_dump_seq(ofproto->backer->udpif), ofproto->dump_seq);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1546,34 +1226,9 @@ type_get_memory_usage(const char *type, struct simap *usage)
 }
 
 static void
-flush(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
+flush(struct ofproto *ofproto OVS_UNUSED)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
-    struct subfacet *subfacet, *next_subfacet;
-    struct subfacet *batch[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    int n_batch;
-
-    n_batch = 0;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (subfacet, next_subfacet, hmap_node,
-                        &ofproto->backer->subfacets) {
-        if (subfacet->facet->ofproto != ofproto) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (subfacet->path != SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-            batch[n_batch++] = subfacet;
-            if (n_batch >= SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH) {
-                subfacet_destroy_batch(ofproto->backer, batch, n_batch);
-                n_batch = 0;
-            }
-        } else {
-            subfacet_destroy(subfacet);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (n_batch > 0) {
-        subfacet_destroy_batch(ofproto->backer, batch, n_batch);
-    }
+    udpif_flush();
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2706,7 +2361,6 @@ static int
 mirror_get_stats__(struct ofproto *ofproto, void *aux,
                    uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes)
 {
-    push_all_stats();
     return mirror_get_stats(ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto)->mbridge, aux, packets,
                             bytes);
 }
@@ -2970,8 +2624,6 @@ port_get_stats(const struct ofport *ofport_, struct netdev_stats *stats)
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport = ofport_dpif_cast(ofport_);
     int error;
 
-    push_all_stats();
-
     error = netdev_get_stats(ofport->up.netdev, stats);
 
     if (!error && ofport_->ofp_port == OFPP_LOCAL) {
@@ -3108,1372 +2760,127 @@ port_is_lacp_current(const struct ofport *ofport_)
             : -1);
 }
 
-/* Upcall handling. */
-
-struct flow_miss_op {
-    struct dpif_op dpif_op;
-
-    uint64_t slow_stub[128 / 8]; /* Buffer for compose_slow_path() */
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-    bool xout_garbage;           /* 'xout' needs to be uninitialized? */
-
-    struct ofpbuf mask;          /* Flow mask for "put" ops. */
-    struct odputil_keybuf maskbuf;
-
-    /* If this is a "put" op, then a pointer to the subfacet that should
-     * be marked as uninstalled if the operation fails. */
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-};
-
-/* Figures out whether a flow that missed in 'ofproto', whose details are in
- * 'miss' masked by 'wc', is likely to be worth tracking in detail in userspace
- * and (usually) installing a datapath flow.  The answer is usually "yes" (a
- * return value of true).  However, for short flows the cost of bookkeeping is
- * much higher than the benefits, so when the datapath holds a large number of
- * flows we impose some heuristics to decide which flows are likely to be worth
- * tracking. */
-static bool
-flow_miss_should_make_facet(struct flow_miss *miss)
+/* If 'rule' is an OpenFlow rule, that has expired according to OpenFlow rules,
+ * then delete it entirely. */
+static void
+rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *rule)
+    OVS_REQUIRES(ofproto_mutex)
 {
-    struct dpif_backer *backer = miss->ofproto->backer;
-    uint32_t hash;
-
-    switch (flow_miss_model) {
-    case OFPROTO_HANDLE_MISS_AUTO:
-        break;
-    case OFPROTO_HANDLE_MISS_WITH_FACETS:
-        return true;
-    case OFPROTO_HANDLE_MISS_WITHOUT_FACETS:
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!backer->governor) {
-        size_t n_subfacets;
-
-        n_subfacets = hmap_count(&backer->subfacets);
-        if (n_subfacets * 2 <= flow_eviction_threshold) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        backer->governor = governor_create();
-    }
+    uint16_t idle_timeout, hard_timeout;
+    long long int now = time_msec();
+    int reason;
 
-    hash = flow_hash_in_wildcards(&miss->flow, &miss->xout.wc, 0);
-    return governor_should_install_flow(backer->governor, hash,
-                                        miss->stats.n_packets);
-}
+    ovs_assert(!rule->up.pending);
 
-/* Handles 'miss', which matches 'facet'.  May add any required datapath
- * operations to 'ops', incrementing '*n_ops' for each new op.
- *
- * All of the packets in 'miss' are considered to have arrived at time
- * 'miss->stats.used'.  This is really important only for new facets: if we
- * just called time_msec() here, then the new subfacet or its packets could
- * look (occasionally) as though it was used some time after the facet was
- * used.  That can make a one-packet flow look like it has a nonzero duration,
- * which looks odd in e.g. NetFlow statistics. */
-static void
-handle_flow_miss_with_facet(struct flow_miss *miss, struct facet *facet,
-                            struct flow_miss_op *ops, size_t *n_ops)
-{
-    enum subfacet_path want_path;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    uint32_t key_hash;
-
-    /* Update facet stats. */
-    facet->packet_count += miss->stats.n_packets;
-    facet->prev_packet_count += miss->stats.n_packets;
-    facet->byte_count += miss->stats.n_bytes;
-    facet->prev_byte_count += miss->stats.n_bytes;
-
-    /* Look for an existing subfacet.  If we find one, update its used time. */
-    key_hash = odp_flow_key_hash(miss->key, miss->key_len);
-    if (!list_is_empty(&facet->subfacets)) {
-        subfacet = subfacet_find(miss->ofproto->backer,
-                                 miss->key, miss->key_len, key_hash);
-        if (subfacet) {
-            if (subfacet->facet == facet) {
-                subfacet->used = MAX(subfacet->used, miss->stats.used);
-            } else {
-                /* This shouldn't happen. */
-                VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "subfacet with wrong facet");
-                subfacet_destroy(subfacet);
-                subfacet = NULL;
-            }
-        }
+    /* Has 'rule' expired? */
+    ovs_mutex_lock(&rule->up.mutex);
+    hard_timeout = rule->up.hard_timeout;
+    idle_timeout = rule->up.idle_timeout;
+    if (hard_timeout && now > rule->up.modified + hard_timeout * 1000) {
+        reason = OFPRR_HARD_TIMEOUT;
+    } else if (idle_timeout && now > rule->up.used + idle_timeout * 1000) {
+        reason = OFPRR_IDLE_TIMEOUT;
     } else {
-        subfacet = NULL;
+        reason = -1;
     }
+    ovs_mutex_unlock(&rule->up.mutex);
 
-    /* Don't install the flow if it's the result of the "userspace"
-     * action for an already installed facet.  This can occur when a
-     * datapath flow with wildcards has a "userspace" action and flows
-     * sent to userspace result in a different subfacet, which will then
-     * be rejected as overlapping by the datapath. */
-    if (miss->upcall_type == DPIF_UC_ACTION
-        && !list_is_empty(&facet->subfacets)) {
-        return;
+    if (reason >= 0) {
+        COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_expired);
+        ofproto_rule_expire(&rule->up, reason);
     }
+}
 
-    /* Create a subfacet, if we don't already have one. */
-    if (!subfacet) {
-        subfacet = subfacet_create(facet, miss, key_hash);
-    }
+/* Executes, within 'ofproto', the actions in 'rule' or 'ofpacts' on 'packet'.
+ * 'flow' must reflect the data in 'packet'. */
+int
+ofproto_dpif_execute_actions(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+                             const struct flow *flow,
+                             struct rule_dpif *rule,
+                             const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
+                             struct ofpbuf *packet)
+{
+    struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
+    ofp_port_t in_port;
+    struct ofpbuf key;
+    int error;
 
-    /* Install the subfacet, if it's not already installed. */
-    want_path = facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
-    if (subfacet->path != want_path) {
-        struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[(*n_ops)++];
-        struct dpif_flow_put *put = &op->dpif_op.u.flow_put;
+    ovs_assert((rule != NULL) != (ofpacts != NULL));
 
-        subfacet->path = want_path;
+    dpif_flow_stats_extract(flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
+    if (rule) {
+        rule_dpif_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
+    }
 
-        ofpbuf_use_stack(&op->mask, &op->maskbuf, sizeof op->maskbuf);
-        if (enable_megaflows) {
-            odp_flow_key_from_mask(&op->mask, &facet->xout.wc.masks,
-                                   &miss->flow, UINT32_MAX);
-        }
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, rule, stats.tcp_flags, packet);
+    xin.ofpacts = ofpacts;
+    xin.ofpacts_len = ofpacts_len;
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-        op->xout_garbage = false;
-        op->dpif_op.type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT;
-        op->subfacet = subfacet;
-        put->flags = DPIF_FP_CREATE;
-        put->key = miss->key;
-        put->key_len = miss->key_len;
-        put->mask = op->mask.data;
-        put->mask_len = op->mask.size;
-
-        if (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-            put->actions = facet->xout.odp_actions.data;
-            put->actions_len = facet->xout.odp_actions.size;
-        } else {
-            compose_slow_path(facet->ofproto, &miss->flow, facet->xout.slow,
-                              op->slow_stub, sizeof op->slow_stub,
-                              &put->actions, &put->actions_len);
-        }
-        put->stats = NULL;
+    ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);
+    in_port = flow->in_port.ofp_port;
+    if (in_port == OFPP_NONE) {
+        in_port = OFPP_LOCAL;
     }
-}
+    odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, flow, ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, in_port));
 
-/* Handles flow miss 'miss'.  May add any required datapath operations
- * to 'ops', incrementing '*n_ops' for each new op. */
-static void
-handle_flow_miss(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_miss_op *ops,
-                 size_t *n_ops)
-{
-    struct facet *facet;
-
-    miss->ofproto->n_missed += miss->stats.n_packets;
-
-    facet = facet_lookup_valid(miss->ofproto, &miss->flow);
-    if (!facet) {
-        /* There does not exist a bijection between 'struct flow' and datapath
-         * flow keys with fitness ODP_FIT_TO_LITTLE.  This breaks a fundamental
-         * assumption used throughout the facet and subfacet handling code.
-         * Since we have to handle these misses in userspace anyway, we simply
-         * skip facet creation, avoiding the problem altogether. */
-        if (miss->key_fitness == ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE
-            || !flow_miss_should_make_facet(miss)) {
-            return;
-        }
+    error = dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif, key.data, key.size,
+                         xout.odp_actions.data, xout.odp_actions.size, packet,
+                         (xout.slow & SLOW_ACTION) != 0);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
-        facet = facet_create(miss);
-    }
-    handle_flow_miss_with_facet(miss, facet, ops, n_ops);
+    return error;
 }
 
-static struct drop_key *
-drop_key_lookup(const struct dpif_backer *backer, const struct nlattr *key,
-                size_t key_len)
+void
+rule_dpif_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule,
+                       const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
-    struct drop_key *drop_key;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (drop_key, hmap_node, hash_bytes(key, key_len, 0),
-                             &backer->drop_keys) {
-        if (drop_key->key_len == key_len
-            && !memcmp(drop_key->key, key, key_len)) {
-            return drop_key;
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
+    ovs_mutex_lock(&rule->stats_mutex);
+    rule->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
+    rule->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
+    rule->up.used = MAX(rule->up.used, stats->used);
+    ovs_mutex_unlock(&rule->stats_mutex);
 }
 
-static void
-drop_key_clear(struct dpif_backer *backer)
+bool
+rule_dpif_is_fail_open(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
 {
-    static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 15);
-    struct drop_key *drop_key, *next;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (drop_key, next, hmap_node, &backer->drop_keys) {
-        int error;
-
-        error = dpif_flow_del(backer->dpif, drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len,
-                              NULL);
-        if (error && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
-            struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
-            odp_flow_key_format(drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, &ds);
-            VLOG_WARN("Failed to delete drop key (%s) (%s)",
-                      ovs_strerror(error), ds_cstr(&ds));
-            ds_destroy(&ds);
-        }
-
-        hmap_remove(&backer->drop_keys, &drop_key->hmap_node);
-        drop_key_destroy(drop_key);
-    }
+    return is_fail_open_rule(&rule->up);
+}
 
-    udpif_drop_key_clear(backer->udpif);
+bool
+rule_dpif_is_table_miss(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
+{
+    return rule_is_table_miss(&rule->up);
 }
 
-static void
-handle_flow_misses(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct flow_miss_batch *fmb)
-{
-    struct flow_miss_op flow_miss_ops[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct dpif_op *dpif_ops[FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct flow_miss *miss;
-    size_t n_ops, i;
-
-    /* Process each element in the to-do list, constructing the set of
-     * operations to batch. */
-    n_ops = 0;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (miss, hmap_node, &fmb->misses) {
-        handle_flow_miss(miss, flow_miss_ops, &n_ops);
-    }
-    ovs_assert(n_ops <= ARRAY_SIZE(flow_miss_ops));
-
-    /* Execute batch. */
-    for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
-        dpif_ops[i] = &flow_miss_ops[i].dpif_op;
-    }
-    dpif_operate(backer->dpif, dpif_ops, n_ops);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
-        if (dpif_ops[i]->error != 0
-            && flow_miss_ops[i].dpif_op.type == DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT
-            && flow_miss_ops[i].subfacet) {
-            struct subfacet *subfacet = flow_miss_ops[i].subfacet;
-
-            COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_install_fail);
-
-            /* Zero-out subfacet counters when installation failed, but
-             * datapath reported hits.  This should not happen and
-             * indicates a bug, since if the datapath flow exists, we
-             * should not be attempting to create a new subfacet.  A
-             * buggy datapath could trigger this, so just zero out the
-             * counters and log an error. */
-            if (subfacet->dp_packet_count || subfacet->dp_byte_count) {
-                VLOG_ERR_RL(&rl, "failed to install subfacet for which "
-                            "datapath reported hits");
-                subfacet->dp_packet_count = subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
-            }
+ovs_be64
+rule_dpif_get_flow_cookie(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
+    OVS_REQUIRES(rule->up.mutex)
+{
+    return rule->up.flow_cookie;
+}
 
-            subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-        }
-    }
+void
+rule_dpif_reduce_timeouts(struct rule_dpif *rule, uint16_t idle_timeout,
+                     uint16_t hard_timeout)
+{
+    ofproto_rule_reduce_timeouts(&rule->up, idle_timeout, hard_timeout);
 }
 
-static void
-handle_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer)
+/* Returns 'rule''s actions.  The caller owns a reference on the returned
+ * actions and must eventually release it (with rule_actions_unref()) to avoid
+ * a memory leak. */
+struct rule_actions *
+rule_dpif_get_actions(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
 {
-    struct flow_miss_batch *fmb;
-    int n_processed;
-
-    for (n_processed = 0; n_processed < FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH; n_processed++) {
-        struct drop_key *drop_key = drop_key_next(backer->udpif);
-        if (!drop_key) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if (!drop_key_lookup(backer, drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len)) {
-            hmap_insert(&backer->drop_keys, &drop_key->hmap_node,
-                        hash_bytes(drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, 0));
-            dpif_flow_put(backer->dpif, DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY,
-                          drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len,
-                          NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
-        } else {
-            drop_key_destroy(drop_key);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fmb = flow_miss_batch_next(backer->udpif);
-    if (fmb) {
-        handle_flow_misses(backer, fmb);
-        flow_miss_batch_destroy(fmb);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Flow expiration. */
-
-static int subfacet_max_idle(const struct dpif_backer *);
-static void update_stats(struct dpif_backer *);
-static void rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *) OVS_REQUIRES(ofproto_mutex);
-static void expire_subfacets(struct dpif_backer *, int dp_max_idle);
-
-/* This function is called periodically by run().  Its job is to collect
- * updates for the flows that have been installed into the datapath, most
- * importantly when they last were used, and then use that information to
- * expire flows that have not been used recently.
- *
- * Returns the number of milliseconds after which it should be called again. */
-static int
-expire(struct dpif_backer *backer)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-    size_t n_subfacets;
-    int max_idle;
-
-    /* Periodically clear out the drop keys in an effort to keep them
-     * relatively few. */
-    drop_key_clear(backer);
-
-    /* Update stats for each flow in the backer. */
-    update_stats(backer);
-
-    n_subfacets = hmap_count(&backer->subfacets);
-    backer->avg_n_subfacet += n_subfacets;
-    backer->avg_n_subfacet /= 2;
-
-    backer->max_n_subfacet = MAX(backer->max_n_subfacet, n_subfacets);
-
-    max_idle = subfacet_max_idle(backer);
-    expire_subfacets(backer, max_idle);
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        struct rule *rule, *next_rule;
-
-        if (ofproto->backer != backer) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        /* Expire OpenFlow flows whose idle_timeout or hard_timeout
-         * has passed. */
-        ovs_mutex_lock(&ofproto_mutex);
-        LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (rule, next_rule, expirable,
-                            &ofproto->up.expirable) {
-            rule_expire(rule_dpif_cast(rule));
-        }
-        ovs_mutex_unlock(&ofproto_mutex);
-
-        /* All outstanding data in existing flows has been accounted, so it's a
-         * good time to do bond rebalancing. */
-        if (ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
-            struct ofbundle *bundle;
-
-            HMAP_FOR_EACH (bundle, hmap_node, &ofproto->bundles) {
-                if (bundle->bond) {
-                    bond_rebalance(bundle->bond);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return MIN(max_idle, 1000);
-}
-
-/* Updates flow table statistics given that the datapath just reported 'stats'
- * as 'subfacet''s statistics. */
-static void
-update_subfacet_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
-                      const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-    struct dpif_flow_stats diff;
-
-    diff.tcp_flags = stats->tcp_flags;
-    diff.used = stats->used;
-
-    if (stats->n_packets >= subfacet->dp_packet_count) {
-        diff.n_packets = stats->n_packets - subfacet->dp_packet_count;
-    } else {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected packet count from the datapath");
-        diff.n_packets = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (stats->n_bytes >= subfacet->dp_byte_count) {
-        diff.n_bytes = stats->n_bytes - subfacet->dp_byte_count;
-    } else {
-        VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected byte count from datapath");
-        diff.n_bytes = 0;
-    }
-
-    facet->ofproto->n_hit += diff.n_packets;
-    subfacet->dp_packet_count = stats->n_packets;
-    subfacet->dp_byte_count = stats->n_bytes;
-    subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &diff);
-
-    if (diff.n_packets) {
-        facet_learn(facet);
-    }
-}
-
-/* 'key' with length 'key_len' bytes is a flow in 'dpif' that we know nothing
- * about, or a flow that shouldn't be installed but was anyway.  Delete it. */
-static void
-delete_unexpected_flow(struct dpif_backer *backer,
-                       const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len)
-{
-    if (!VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
-        struct ds s;
-
-        ds_init(&s);
-        odp_flow_key_format(key, key_len, &s);
-        VLOG_WARN("unexpected flow: %s", ds_cstr(&s));
-        ds_destroy(&s);
-    }
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(facet_unexpected);
-    dpif_flow_del(backer->dpif, key, key_len, NULL);
-}
-
-/* Update 'packet_count', 'byte_count', and 'used' members of installed facets.
- *
- * This function also pushes statistics updates to rules which each facet
- * resubmits into.  Generally these statistics will be accurate.  However, if a
- * facet changes the rule it resubmits into at some time in between
- * update_stats() runs, it is possible that statistics accrued to the
- * old rule will be incorrectly attributed to the new rule.  This could be
- * avoided by calling update_stats() whenever rules are created or
- * deleted.  However, the performance impact of making so many calls to the
- * datapath do not justify the benefit of having perfectly accurate statistics.
- *
- * In addition, this function maintains per ofproto flow hit counts. The patch
- * port is not treated specially. e.g. A packet ingress from br0 patched into
- * br1 will increase the hit count of br0 by 1, however, does not affect
- * the hit or miss counts of br1.
- */
-static void
-update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
-{
-    const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats;
-    struct dpif_flow_dump dump;
-    const struct nlattr *key, *mask;
-    size_t key_len, mask_len;
-
-    dpif_flow_dump_start(&dump, backer->dpif);
-    while (dpif_flow_dump_next(&dump, &key, &key_len,
-                               &mask, &mask_len, NULL, NULL, &stats)) {
-        struct subfacet *subfacet;
-        uint32_t key_hash;
-
-        key_hash = odp_flow_key_hash(key, key_len);
-        subfacet = subfacet_find(backer, key, key_len, key_hash);
-        switch (subfacet ? subfacet->path : SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-        case SF_FAST_PATH:
-            update_subfacet_stats(subfacet, stats);
-            break;
-
-        case SF_SLOW_PATH:
-            /* Stats are updated per-packet. */
-            break;
-
-        case SF_NOT_INSTALLED:
-        default:
-            delete_unexpected_flow(backer, key, key_len);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    dpif_flow_dump_done(&dump);
-}
-
-/* Calculates and returns the number of milliseconds of idle time after which
- * subfacets should expire from the datapath.  When a subfacet expires, we fold
- * its statistics into its facet, and when a facet's last subfacet expires, we
- * fold its statistic into its rule. */
-static int
-subfacet_max_idle(const struct dpif_backer *backer)
-{
-    /*
-     * Idle time histogram.
-     *
-     * Most of the time a switch has a relatively small number of subfacets.
-     * When this is the case we might as well keep statistics for all of them
-     * in userspace and to cache them in the kernel datapath for performance as
-     * well.
-     *
-     * As the number of subfacets increases, the memory required to maintain
-     * statistics about them in userspace and in the kernel becomes
-     * significant.  However, with a large number of subfacets it is likely
-     * that only a few of them are "heavy hitters" that consume a large amount
-     * of bandwidth.  At this point, only heavy hitters are worth caching in
-     * the kernel and maintaining in userspaces; other subfacets we can
-     * discard.
-     *
-     * The technique used to compute the idle time is to build a histogram with
-     * N_BUCKETS buckets whose width is BUCKET_WIDTH msecs each.  Each subfacet
-     * that is installed in the kernel gets dropped in the appropriate bucket.
-     * After the histogram has been built, we compute the cutoff so that only
-     * the most-recently-used 1% of subfacets (but at least
-     * flow_eviction_threshold flows) are kept cached.  At least
-     * the most-recently-used bucket of subfacets is kept, so actually an
-     * arbitrary number of subfacets can be kept in any given expiration run
-     * (though the next run will delete most of those unless they receive
-     * additional data).
-     *
-     * This requires a second pass through the subfacets, in addition to the
-     * pass made by update_stats(), because the former function never looks at
-     * uninstallable subfacets.
-     */
-    enum { BUCKET_WIDTH = 100 };
-    enum { N_BUCKETS = 5000 / BUCKET_WIDTH };
-    int buckets[N_BUCKETS] = { 0 };
-    int total, subtotal, bucket;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    long long int now;
-    int i;
-
-    total = hmap_count(&backer->subfacets);
-    if (total <= flow_eviction_threshold) {
-        return N_BUCKETS * BUCKET_WIDTH;
-    }
-
-    /* Build histogram. */
-    now = time_msec();
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (subfacet, hmap_node, &backer->subfacets) {
-        long long int idle = now - subfacet->used;
-        int bucket = (idle <= 0 ? 0
-                      : idle >= BUCKET_WIDTH * N_BUCKETS ? N_BUCKETS - 1
-                      : (unsigned int) idle / BUCKET_WIDTH);
-        buckets[bucket]++;
-    }
-
-    /* Find the first bucket whose flows should be expired. */
-    subtotal = bucket = 0;
-    do {
-        subtotal += buckets[bucket++];
-    } while (bucket < N_BUCKETS &&
-             subtotal < MAX(flow_eviction_threshold, total / 100));
-
-    if (VLOG_IS_DBG_ENABLED()) {
-        struct ds s;
-
-        ds_init(&s);
-        ds_put_cstr(&s, "keep");
-        for (i = 0; i < N_BUCKETS; i++) {
-            if (i == bucket) {
-                ds_put_cstr(&s, ", drop");
-            }
-            if (buckets[i]) {
-                ds_put_format(&s, " %d:%d", i * BUCKET_WIDTH, buckets[i]);
-            }
-        }
-        VLOG_INFO("%s (msec:count)", ds_cstr(&s));
-        ds_destroy(&s);
-    }
-
-    return bucket * BUCKET_WIDTH;
-}
-
-static void
-expire_subfacets(struct dpif_backer *backer, int dp_max_idle)
-{
-    /* Cutoff time for most flows. */
-    long long int normal_cutoff = time_msec() - dp_max_idle;
-
-    /* We really want to keep flows for special protocols around, so use a more
-     * conservative cutoff. */
-    long long int special_cutoff = time_msec() - 10000;
-
-    struct subfacet *subfacet, *next_subfacet;
-    struct subfacet *batch[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    int n_batch;
-
-    n_batch = 0;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (subfacet, next_subfacet, hmap_node,
-                        &backer->subfacets) {
-        long long int cutoff;
-
-        cutoff = (subfacet->facet->xout.slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_BFD | SLOW_LACP
-                                                | SLOW_STP)
-                  ? special_cutoff
-                  : normal_cutoff);
-        if (subfacet->used < cutoff) {
-            if (subfacet->path != SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-                batch[n_batch++] = subfacet;
-                if (n_batch >= SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH) {
-                    subfacet_destroy_batch(backer, batch, n_batch);
-                    n_batch = 0;
-                }
-            } else {
-                subfacet_destroy(subfacet);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (n_batch > 0) {
-        subfacet_destroy_batch(backer, batch, n_batch);
-    }
-}
-
-/* If 'rule' is an OpenFlow rule, that has expired according to OpenFlow rules,
- * then delete it entirely. */
-static void
-rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *rule)
-    OVS_REQUIRES(ofproto_mutex)
-{
-    uint16_t idle_timeout, hard_timeout;
-    long long int now = time_msec();
-    int reason;
-
-    ovs_assert(!rule->up.pending);
-
-    /* Has 'rule' expired? */
-    ovs_mutex_lock(&rule->up.mutex);
-    hard_timeout = rule->up.hard_timeout;
-    idle_timeout = rule->up.idle_timeout;
-    if (hard_timeout && now > rule->up.modified + hard_timeout * 1000) {
-        reason = OFPRR_HARD_TIMEOUT;
-    } else if (idle_timeout && now > rule->up.used + idle_timeout * 1000) {
-        reason = OFPRR_IDLE_TIMEOUT;
-    } else {
-        reason = -1;
-    }
-    ovs_mutex_unlock(&rule->up.mutex);
-
-    if (reason >= 0) {
-        COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_expired);
-        ofproto_rule_expire(&rule->up, reason);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Facets. */
-
-/* Creates and returns a new facet based on 'miss'.
- *
- * The caller must already have determined that no facet with an identical
- * 'miss->flow' exists in 'miss->ofproto'.
- *
- * 'rule' and 'xout' must have been created based on 'miss'.
- *
- * 'facet'' statistics are initialized based on 'stats'.
- *
- * The facet will initially have no subfacets.  The caller should create (at
- * least) one subfacet with subfacet_create(). */
-static struct facet *
-facet_create(const struct flow_miss *miss)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = miss->ofproto;
-    struct facet *facet;
-    struct match match;
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(facet_create);
-    facet = xzalloc(sizeof *facet);
-    facet->ofproto = miss->ofproto;
-    facet->used = miss->stats.used;
-    facet->flow = miss->flow;
-    facet->learn_rl = time_msec() + 500;
-
-    list_init(&facet->subfacets);
-
-    xlate_out_copy(&facet->xout, &miss->xout);
-
-    match_init(&match, &facet->flow, &facet->xout.wc);
-    cls_rule_init(&facet->cr, &match, OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY);
-    ovs_rwlock_wrlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    classifier_insert(&ofproto->facets, &facet->cr);
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-
-    return facet;
-}
-
-static void
-facet_free(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    if (facet) {
-        xlate_out_uninit(&facet->xout);
-        free(facet);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Executes, within 'ofproto', the actions in 'rule' or 'ofpacts' on 'packet'.
- * 'flow' must reflect the data in 'packet'. */
-int
-ofproto_dpif_execute_actions(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-                             const struct flow *flow,
-                             struct rule_dpif *rule,
-                             const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                             struct ofpbuf *packet)
-{
-    struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
-    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-    struct xlate_in xin;
-    ofp_port_t in_port;
-    struct ofpbuf key;
-    int error;
-
-    ovs_assert((rule != NULL) != (ofpacts != NULL));
-
-    dpif_flow_stats_extract(flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
-    if (rule) {
-        rule_dpif_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
-    }
-
-    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, rule, stats.tcp_flags, packet);
-    xin.ofpacts = ofpacts;
-    xin.ofpacts_len = ofpacts_len;
-    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
-    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
-
-    ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);
-    in_port = flow->in_port.ofp_port;
-    if (in_port == OFPP_NONE) {
-        in_port = OFPP_LOCAL;
-    }
-    odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, flow, ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, in_port));
-
-    error = dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif, key.data, key.size,
-                         xout.odp_actions.data, xout.odp_actions.size, packet,
-                         (xout.slow & SLOW_ACTION) != 0);
-    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
-
-    return error;
-}
-
-/* Remove 'facet' from its ofproto and free up the associated memory:
- *
- *   - If 'facet' was installed in the datapath, uninstalls it and updates its
- *     rule's statistics, via subfacet_uninstall().
- *
- *   - Removes 'facet' from its rule and from ofproto->facets.
- */
-static void
-facet_remove(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    struct subfacet *subfacet, *next_subfacet;
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(facet_remove);
-    ovs_assert(!list_is_empty(&facet->subfacets));
-
-    /* First uninstall all of the subfacets to get final statistics. */
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        subfacet_uninstall(subfacet);
-    }
-
-    /* Flush the final stats to the rule.
-     *
-     * This might require us to have at least one subfacet around so that we
-     * can use its actions for accounting in facet_account(), which is why we
-     * have uninstalled but not yet destroyed the subfacets. */
-    facet_flush_stats(facet);
-
-    /* Now we're really all done so destroy everything. */
-    LIST_FOR_EACH_SAFE (subfacet, next_subfacet, list_node,
-                        &facet->subfacets) {
-        subfacet_destroy__(subfacet);
-    }
-    ovs_rwlock_wrlock(&facet->ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    classifier_remove(&facet->ofproto->facets, &facet->cr);
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&facet->ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cls_rule_destroy(&facet->cr);
-    facet_free(facet);
-}
-
-/* Feed information from 'facet' back into the learning table to keep it in
- * sync with what is actually flowing through the datapath. */
-static void
-facet_learn(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    long long int now = time_msec();
-
-    if (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout && now < facet->learn_rl) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    facet->learn_rl = now + 500;
-
-    if (!facet->xout.has_learn
-        && !facet->xout.has_normal
-        && (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout
-            || !(facet->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST)))) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    facet_push_stats(facet, true);
-}
-
-/* Returns true if the only action for 'facet' is to send to the controller.
- * (We don't report NetFlow expiration messages for such facets because they
- * are just part of the control logic for the network, not real traffic). */
-static bool
-facet_is_controller_flow(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    if (facet) {
-        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = facet->ofproto;
-        const struct ofpact *ofpacts;
-        struct rule_actions *actions;
-        struct rule_dpif *rule;
-        size_t ofpacts_len;
-        bool is_controller;
-
-        rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow, NULL, &rule);
-        actions = rule_dpif_get_actions(rule);
-        rule_dpif_unref(rule);
-
-        ofpacts_len = actions->ofpacts_len;
-        ofpacts = actions->ofpacts;
-        is_controller = ofpacts_len > 0
-            && ofpacts->type == OFPACT_CONTROLLER
-            && ofpact_next(ofpacts) >= ofpact_end(ofpacts, ofpacts_len);
-        rule_actions_unref(actions);
-
-        return is_controller;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-/* Folds all of 'facet''s statistics into its rule.  Also updates the
- * accounting ofhook and emits a NetFlow expiration if appropriate.  All of
- * 'facet''s statistics in the datapath should have been zeroed and folded into
- * its packet and byte counts before this function is called. */
-static void
-facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = facet->ofproto;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        ovs_assert(!subfacet->dp_byte_count);
-        ovs_assert(!subfacet->dp_packet_count);
-    }
-
-    facet_push_stats(facet, false);
-
-    if (ofproto->netflow && !facet_is_controller_flow(facet)) {
-        netflow_expire(ofproto->netflow, &facet->flow);
-        netflow_flow_clear(ofproto->netflow, &facet->flow);
-    }
-
-    /* Reset counters to prevent double counting if 'facet' ever gets
-     * reinstalled. */
-    facet_reset_counters(facet);
-    facet->tcp_flags = 0;
-}
-
-/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one which would be responsible for
- * 'flow'.  Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
- *
- * The returned facet might need revalidation; use facet_lookup_valid()
- * instead if that is important. */
-static struct facet *
-facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
-{
-    struct cls_rule *cr;
-
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cr = classifier_lookup(&ofproto->facets, flow, NULL);
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    return cr ? CONTAINER_OF(cr, struct facet, cr) : NULL;
-}
-
-/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one capable that covers
- * 'flow'.  Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
- *
- * The returned facet is guaranteed to be valid. */
-static struct facet *
-facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
-{
-    struct facet *facet;
-
-    facet = facet_find(ofproto, flow);
-    if (facet
-        && ofproto->backer->need_revalidate
-        && !facet_revalidate(facet)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return facet;
-}
-
-static bool
-facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 15);
-
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-    struct xlate_in xin;
-    bool ok;
-
-    /* Check the datapath actions for consistency. */
-    xlate_in_init(&xin, facet->ofproto, &facet->flow, NULL, 0, NULL);
-    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
-
-    ok = ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)
-        && facet->xout.slow == xout.slow;
-    if (!ok && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
-        struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
-
-        flow_format(&s, &facet->flow);
-        ds_put_cstr(&s, ": inconsistency in facet");
-
-        if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions were: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
-                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, ") (correct actions: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, xout.odp_actions.data,
-                               xout.odp_actions.size);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
-        }
-
-        if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow) {
-            ds_put_format(&s, " slow path incorrect. should be %d", xout.slow);
-        }
-
-        ds_destroy(&s);
-    }
-    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
-
-    return ok;
-}
-
-/* Re-searches the classifier for 'facet':
- *
- *   - If the rule found is different from 'facet''s current rule, moves
- *     'facet' to the new rule and recompiles its actions.
- *
- *   - If the rule found is the same as 'facet''s current rule, leaves 'facet'
- *     where it is and recompiles its actions anyway.
- *
- *   - If any of 'facet''s subfacets correspond to a new flow according to
- *     xlate_receive(), 'facet' is removed.
- *
- *   Returns true if 'facet' is still valid.  False if 'facet' was removed. */
-static bool
-facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = facet->ofproto;
-    struct rule_dpif *new_rule;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    struct flow_wildcards wc;
-    struct xlate_out xout;
-    struct xlate_in xin;
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(facet_revalidate);
-
-    /* Check that child subfacets still correspond to this facet.  Tunnel
-     * configuration changes could cause a subfacet's OpenFlow in_port to
-     * change. */
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        struct ofproto_dpif *recv_ofproto;
-        struct flow recv_flow;
-        int error;
-
-        error = xlate_receive(ofproto->backer, NULL, subfacet->key,
-                              subfacet->key_len, &recv_flow, NULL,
-                              &recv_ofproto, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-        if (error
-            || recv_ofproto != ofproto
-            || facet != facet_find(ofproto, &recv_flow)) {
-            facet_remove(facet);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    flow_wildcards_init_catchall(&wc);
-    rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow, &wc, &new_rule);
-
-    /* Calculate new datapath actions.
-     *
-     * We do not modify any 'facet' state yet, because we might need to, e.g.,
-     * emit a NetFlow expiration and, if so, we need to have the old state
-     * around to properly compose it. */
-    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, new_rule, 0, NULL);
-    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
-    flow_wildcards_or(&xout.wc, &xout.wc, &wc);
-    /* Make sure non -packet fields are not masked. If not cleared,
-     * the memcmp() below may fail, causing an otherwise valid facet
-     * to be removed. */
-    flow_wildcards_clear_non_packet_fields(&xout.wc);
-
-    /* A facet's slow path reason should only change under dramatic
-     * circumstances.  Rather than try to update everything, it's simpler to
-     * remove the facet and start over.
-     *
-     * More importantly, if a facet's wildcards change, it will be relatively
-     * difficult to figure out if its subfacets still belong to it, and if not
-     * which facet they may belong to.  Again, to avoid the complexity, we
-     * simply give up instead. */
-    if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow
-        || memcmp(&facet->xout.wc, &xout.wc, sizeof xout.wc)) {
-        facet_remove(facet);
-        xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
-        rule_dpif_unref(new_rule);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
-        LIST_FOR_EACH(subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-            if (subfacet->path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-                struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-                subfacet_install(subfacet, &xout.odp_actions, &stats);
-                subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
-            }
-        }
-
-        facet_flush_stats(facet);
-
-        ofpbuf_clear(&facet->xout.odp_actions);
-        ofpbuf_put(&facet->xout.odp_actions, xout.odp_actions.data,
-                   xout.odp_actions.size);
-    }
-
-    /* Update 'facet' now that we've taken care of all the old state. */
-    facet->xout.slow = xout.slow;
-    facet->xout.has_learn = xout.has_learn;
-    facet->xout.has_normal = xout.has_normal;
-    facet->xout.has_fin_timeout = xout.has_fin_timeout;
-    facet->xout.nf_output_iface = xout.nf_output_iface;
-    facet->xout.mirrors = xout.mirrors;
-
-    ovs_mutex_lock(&new_rule->up.mutex);
-    facet->used = MAX(facet->used, new_rule->up.created);
-    ovs_mutex_unlock(&new_rule->up.mutex);
-
-    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
-    rule_dpif_unref(new_rule);
-    return true;
-}
-
-static void
-facet_reset_counters(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    facet->packet_count = 0;
-    facet->byte_count = 0;
-    facet->prev_packet_count = 0;
-    facet->prev_byte_count = 0;
-}
-
-static void
-flow_push_stats(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct flow *flow,
-                struct dpif_flow_stats *stats, bool may_learn)
-{
-    struct xlate_in xin;
-
-    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, NULL, stats->tcp_flags, NULL);
-    xin.resubmit_stats = stats;
-    xin.may_learn = may_learn;
-    xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
-}
-
-static void
-facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet, bool may_learn)
-{
-    struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-    ovs_assert(facet->packet_count >= facet->prev_packet_count);
-    ovs_assert(facet->byte_count >= facet->prev_byte_count);
-    ovs_assert(facet->used >= facet->prev_used);
-
-    stats.n_packets = facet->packet_count - facet->prev_packet_count;
-    stats.n_bytes = facet->byte_count - facet->prev_byte_count;
-    stats.used = facet->used;
-    stats.tcp_flags = facet->tcp_flags;
-
-    if (may_learn || stats.n_packets || facet->used > facet->prev_used) {
-        facet->prev_packet_count = facet->packet_count;
-        facet->prev_byte_count = facet->byte_count;
-        facet->prev_used = facet->used;
-        flow_push_stats(facet->ofproto, &facet->flow, &stats, may_learn);
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-push_all_stats(void)
-{
-    static long long int rl = LLONG_MIN;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    if (time_msec() < rl) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        struct cls_cursor cursor;
-        struct facet *facet;
-
-        ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-        cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-        CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
-            facet_push_stats(facet, false);
-        }
-        ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    }
-
-    rl = time_msec() + 100;
-}
-
-void
-rule_dpif_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule,
-                       const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    ovs_mutex_lock(&rule->stats_mutex);
-    rule->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
-    rule->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
-    rule->up.used = MAX(rule->up.used, stats->used);
-    ovs_mutex_unlock(&rule->stats_mutex);
-}
-
-bool
-rule_dpif_is_fail_open(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
-{
-    return is_fail_open_rule(&rule->up);
-}
-
-bool
-rule_dpif_is_table_miss(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
-{
-    return rule_is_table_miss(&rule->up);
-}
-
-ovs_be64
-rule_dpif_get_flow_cookie(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
-    OVS_REQUIRES(rule->up.mutex)
-{
-    return rule->up.flow_cookie;
-}
-
-void
-rule_dpif_reduce_timeouts(struct rule_dpif *rule, uint16_t idle_timeout,
-                     uint16_t hard_timeout)
-{
-    ofproto_rule_reduce_timeouts(&rule->up, idle_timeout, hard_timeout);
-}
-
-/* Returns 'rule''s actions.  The caller owns a reference on the returned
- * actions and must eventually release it (with rule_actions_unref()) to avoid
- * a memory leak. */
-struct rule_actions *
-rule_dpif_get_actions(const struct rule_dpif *rule)
-{
-    return rule_get_actions(&rule->up);
-}
-
-/* Subfacets. */
-
-static struct subfacet *
-subfacet_find(struct dpif_backer *backer, const struct nlattr *key,
-              size_t key_len, uint32_t key_hash)
-{
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (subfacet, hmap_node, key_hash,
-                             &backer->subfacets) {
-        if (subfacet->key_len == key_len
-            && !memcmp(key, subfacet->key, key_len)) {
-            return subfacet;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Creates and returns a new subfacet within 'facet' for the flow in 'miss'.
- * 'key_hash' must be a hash over miss->key.  The caller must have already
- * ensured that no subfacet subfacet already exists. */
-static struct subfacet *
-subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss, uint32_t key_hash)
-{
-    struct dpif_backer *backer = miss->ofproto->backer;
-    const struct nlattr *key = miss->key;
-    size_t key_len = miss->key_len;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-
-    subfacet = (list_is_empty(&facet->subfacets)
-                ? &facet->one_subfacet
-                : xmalloc(sizeof *subfacet));
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_create);
-    hmap_insert(&backer->subfacets, &subfacet->hmap_node, key_hash);
-    list_push_back(&facet->subfacets, &subfacet->list_node);
-    subfacet->facet = facet;
-    subfacet->key = xmemdup(key, key_len);
-    subfacet->key_len = key_len;
-    subfacet->used = miss->stats.used;
-    subfacet->created = subfacet->used;
-    subfacet->dp_packet_count = 0;
-    subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
-    subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-    subfacet->backer = backer;
-
-    return subfacet;
-}
-
-/* Uninstalls 'subfacet' from the datapath, if it is installed, removes it from
- * its facet within 'ofproto', and frees it. */
-static void
-subfacet_destroy__(struct subfacet *subfacet)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-
-    COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_destroy);
-    subfacet_uninstall(subfacet);
-    hmap_remove(&subfacet->backer->subfacets, &subfacet->hmap_node);
-    list_remove(&subfacet->list_node);
-    free(subfacet->key);
-    if (subfacet != &facet->one_subfacet) {
-        free(subfacet);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Destroys 'subfacet', as with subfacet_destroy__(), and then if this was the
- * last remaining subfacet in its facet destroys the facet too. */
-static void
-subfacet_destroy(struct subfacet *subfacet)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-
-    if (list_is_singleton(&facet->subfacets)) {
-        /* facet_remove() needs at least one subfacet (it will remove it). */
-        facet_remove(facet);
-    } else {
-        subfacet_destroy__(subfacet);
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-subfacet_destroy_batch(struct dpif_backer *backer,
-                       struct subfacet **subfacets, int n)
-{
-    struct dpif_op ops[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct dpif_op *opsp[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    struct dpif_flow_stats stats[SUBFACET_DESTROY_MAX_BATCH];
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        ops[i].type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_DEL;
-        ops[i].u.flow_del.key = subfacets[i]->key;
-        ops[i].u.flow_del.key_len = subfacets[i]->key_len;
-        ops[i].u.flow_del.stats = &stats[i];
-        opsp[i] = &ops[i];
-    }
-
-    dpif_operate(backer->dpif, opsp, n);
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacets[i], &stats[i]);
-        subfacets[i]->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-        subfacet_destroy(subfacets[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Updates 'subfacet''s datapath flow, setting its actions to 'actions_len'
- * bytes of actions in 'actions'.  If 'stats' is non-null, statistics counters
- * in the datapath will be zeroed and 'stats' will be updated with traffic new
- * since 'subfacet' was last updated.
- *
- * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. */
-static int
-subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
-                 struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-    enum subfacet_path path = facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
-    const struct nlattr *actions = odp_actions->data;
-    size_t actions_len = odp_actions->size;
-    struct odputil_keybuf maskbuf;
-    struct ofpbuf mask;
-
-    uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
-    enum dpif_flow_put_flags flags;
-    int ret;
-
-    flags = subfacet->path == SF_NOT_INSTALLED ? DPIF_FP_CREATE
-                                               : DPIF_FP_MODIFY;
-    if (stats) {
-        flags |= DPIF_FP_ZERO_STATS;
-    }
-
-    if (path == SF_SLOW_PATH) {
-        compose_slow_path(facet->ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
-                          slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
-                          &actions, &actions_len);
-    }
-
-    ofpbuf_use_stack(&mask, &maskbuf, sizeof maskbuf);
-    if (enable_megaflows) {
-        odp_flow_key_from_mask(&mask, &facet->xout.wc.masks,
-                               &facet->flow, UINT32_MAX);
-    }
-
-    ret = dpif_flow_put(subfacet->backer->dpif, flags, subfacet->key,
-                        subfacet->key_len,  mask.data, mask.size,
-                        actions, actions_len, stats);
-
-    if (stats) {
-        subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacet, stats);
-    }
-
-    if (ret) {
-        COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_install_fail);
-    } else {
-        subfacet->path = path;
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/* If 'subfacet' is installed in the datapath, uninstalls it. */
-static void
-subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *subfacet)
-{
-    if (subfacet->path != SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = subfacet->facet->ofproto;
-        struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        int error;
-
-        error = dpif_flow_del(ofproto->backer->dpif, subfacet->key,
-                              subfacet->key_len, &stats);
-        subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacet, &stats);
-        if (!error) {
-            subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
-        }
-        subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-    } else {
-        ovs_assert(subfacet->dp_packet_count == 0);
-        ovs_assert(subfacet->dp_byte_count == 0);
-    }
-}
-
-/* Resets 'subfacet''s datapath statistics counters.  This should be called
- * when 'subfacet''s statistics are cleared in the datapath.  If 'stats' is
- * non-null, it should contain the statistics returned by dpif when 'subfacet'
- * was reset in the datapath.  'stats' will be modified to include only
- * statistics new since 'subfacet' was last updated. */
-static void
-subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
-                        struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    if (stats
-        && subfacet->dp_packet_count <= stats->n_packets
-        && subfacet->dp_byte_count <= stats->n_bytes) {
-        stats->n_packets -= subfacet->dp_packet_count;
-        stats->n_bytes -= subfacet->dp_byte_count;
-    }
-
-    subfacet->dp_packet_count = 0;
-    subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
-}
-
-/* Folds the statistics from 'stats' into the counters in 'subfacet'.
- *
- * Because of the meaning of a subfacet's counters, it only makes sense to do
- * this if 'stats' are not tracked in the datapath, that is, if 'stats'
- * represents a packet that was sent by hand or if it represents statistics
- * that have been cleared out of the datapath. */
-static void
-subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
-                      const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    if (stats->n_packets || stats->used > subfacet->used) {
-        struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-
-        subfacet->used = MAX(subfacet->used, stats->used);
-        facet->used = MAX(facet->used, stats->used);
-        facet->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
-        facet->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
-        facet->tcp_flags |= stats->tcp_flags;
-    }
-}
-
-/* Rules. */
+    return rule_get_actions(&rule->up);
+}
 
 /* Lookup 'flow' in 'ofproto''s classifier.  If 'wc' is non-null, sets
  * the fields that were relevant as part of the lookup. */
@@ -4634,10 +3041,6 @@ rule_get_stats(struct rule *rule_, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes)
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_cast(rule_);
 
-    push_all_stats();
-
-    /* Start from historical data for 'rule' itself that are no longer tracked
-     * in facets.  This counts, for example, facets that have expired. */
     ovs_mutex_lock(&rule->stats_mutex);
     *packets = rule->packet_count;
     *bytes = rule->byte_count;
@@ -4762,8 +3165,6 @@ group_get_stats(const struct ofgroup *group_, struct ofputil_group_stats *ogs)
 {
     struct group_dpif *group = group_dpif_cast(group_);
 
-    /* Start from historical data for 'group' itself that are no longer tracked
-     * in facets.  This counts, for example, facets that have expired. */
     ovs_mutex_lock(&group->stats_mutex);
     ogs->packet_count = group->packet_count;
     ogs->byte_count = group->byte_count;
@@ -4826,46 +3227,6 @@ ofproto_dpif_send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, struct ofpbuf *packet
     ovs_mutex_unlock(&ofproto->stats_mutex);
     return error;
 }
-
-/* Composes an ODP action for a "slow path" action for 'flow' within 'ofproto'.
- * The action will state 'slow' as the reason that the action is in the slow
- * path.  (This is purely informational: it allows a human viewing "ovs-dpctl
- * dump-flows" output to see why a flow is in the slow path.)
- *
- * The 'stub_size' bytes in 'stub' will be used to store the action.
- * 'stub_size' must be large enough for the action.
- *
- * The action and its size will be stored in '*actionsp' and '*actions_lenp',
- * respectively. */
-static void
-compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                  enum slow_path_reason slow,
-                  uint64_t *stub, size_t stub_size,
-                  const struct nlattr **actionsp, size_t *actions_lenp)
-{
-    union user_action_cookie cookie;
-    struct ofpbuf buf;
-
-    cookie.type = USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SLOW_PATH;
-    cookie.slow_path.unused = 0;
-    cookie.slow_path.reason = slow;
-
-    ofpbuf_use_stack(&buf, stub, stub_size);
-    if (slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_BFD | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)) {
-        uint32_t pid = dpif_port_get_pid(ofproto->backer->dpif,
-                                         ODPP_NONE);
-        odp_put_userspace_action(pid, &cookie, sizeof cookie.slow_path, &buf);
-    } else {
-        odp_port_t odp_port;
-        uint32_t pid;
-
-        odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, flow->in_port.ofp_port);
-        pid = dpif_port_get_pid(ofproto->backer->dpif, odp_port);
-        odp_put_userspace_action(pid, &cookie, sizeof cookie.slow_path, &buf);
-    }
-    *actionsp = buf.data;
-    *actions_lenp = buf.size;
-}
 
 static bool
 set_frag_handling(struct ofproto *ofproto_,
@@ -5452,61 +3813,6 @@ ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
     rule_dpif_unref(rule);
 }
 
-/* Runs a self-check of flow translations in 'ofproto'.  Appends a message to
- * 'reply' describing the results. */
-static void
-ofproto_dpif_self_check__(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct ds *reply)
-{
-    struct cls_cursor cursor;
-    struct facet *facet;
-    int errors;
-
-    errors = 0;
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
-        if (!facet_check_consistency(facet)) {
-            errors++;
-        }
-    }
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    if (errors) {
-        ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
-    }
-
-    if (errors) {
-        ds_put_format(reply, "%s: self-check failed (%d errors)\n",
-                      ofproto->up.name, errors);
-    } else {
-        ds_put_format(reply, "%s: self-check passed\n", ofproto->up.name);
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-ofproto_dpif_self_check(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
-                        int argc, const char *argv[], void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
-{
-    struct ds reply = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    if (argc > 1) {
-        ofproto = ofproto_dpif_lookup(argv[1]);
-        if (!ofproto) {
-            unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Unknown ofproto (use "
-                                        "ofproto/list for help)");
-            return;
-        }
-        ofproto_dpif_self_check__(ofproto, &reply);
-    } else {
-        HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-            ofproto_dpif_self_check__(ofproto, &reply);
-        }
-    }
-
-    unixctl_command_reply(conn, ds_cstr(&reply));
-    ds_destroy(&reply);
-}
-
 /* Store the current ofprotos in 'ofproto_shash'.  Returns a sorted list
  * of the 'ofproto_shash' nodes.  It is the responsibility of the caller
  * to destroy 'ofproto_shash' and free the returned value. */
@@ -5551,25 +3857,14 @@ static void
 dpif_show_backer(const struct dpif_backer *backer, struct ds *ds)
 {
     const struct shash_node **ofprotos;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    struct dpif_dp_stats dp_stats;
     struct shash ofproto_shash;
-    uint64_t n_hit, n_missed;
     size_t i;
 
-    n_hit = n_missed = 0;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        if (ofproto->backer == backer) {
-            n_missed += ofproto->n_missed;
-            n_hit += ofproto->n_hit;
-        }
-    }
+    dpif_get_dp_stats(backer->dpif, &dp_stats);
 
     ds_put_format(ds, "%s: hit:%"PRIu64" missed:%"PRIu64"\n",
-                  dpif_name(backer->dpif), n_hit, n_missed);
-
-    ds_put_format(ds, "\tflows: cur: %"PRIuSIZE", avg: %u, max: %u\n",
-                  hmap_count(&backer->subfacets), backer->avg_n_subfacet,
-                  backer->max_n_subfacet);
+                  dpif_name(backer->dpif), dp_stats.n_hit, dp_stats.n_missed);
 
     shash_init(&ofproto_shash);
     ofprotos = get_ofprotos(&ofproto_shash);
@@ -5582,8 +3877,7 @@ dpif_show_backer(const struct dpif_backer *backer, struct ds *ds)
             continue;
         }
 
-        ds_put_format(ds, "\t%s: hit:%"PRIu64" missed:%"PRIu64"\n",
-                      ofproto->up.name, ofproto->n_hit, ofproto->n_missed);
+        ds_put_format(ds, "\t%s:\n", ofproto->up.name);
 
         ports = shash_sort(&ofproto->up.port_by_name);
         for (j = 0; j < shash_count(&ofproto->up.port_by_name); j++) {
@@ -5646,104 +3940,6 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
     ds_destroy(&ds);
 }
 
-/* Dump the megaflow (facet) cache.  This is useful to check the
- * correctness of flow wildcarding, since the same mechanism is used for
- * both xlate caching and kernel wildcarding.
- *
- * It's important to note that in the output the flow description uses
- * OpenFlow (OFP) ports, but the actions use datapath (ODP) ports.
- *
- * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
- * documented in the man page. */
-static void
-ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
-                                    int argc OVS_UNUSED, const char *argv[],
-                                    void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
-{
-    struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
-    const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-    long long int now = time_msec();
-    struct cls_cursor cursor;
-    struct facet *facet;
-
-    ofproto = ofproto_dpif_lookup(argv[1]);
-    if (!ofproto) {
-        unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "no such bridge");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ovs_rwlock_rdlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
-    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
-        cls_rule_format(&facet->cr, &ds);
-        ds_put_cstr(&ds, ", ");
-        ds_put_format(&ds, "n_subfacets:%"PRIuSIZE", ", list_size(&facet->subfacets));
-        ds_put_format(&ds, "used:%.3fs, ", (now - facet->used) / 1000.0);
-        ds_put_cstr(&ds, "Datapath actions: ");
-        if (facet->xout.slow) {
-            uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
-            const struct nlattr *actions;
-            size_t actions_len;
-
-            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
-                              slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
-                              &actions, &actions_len);
-            format_odp_actions(&ds, actions, actions_len);
-        } else {
-            format_odp_actions(&ds, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
-                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
-        }
-        ds_put_cstr(&ds, "\n");
-    }
-    ovs_rwlock_unlock(&ofproto->facets.rwlock);
-
-    ds_chomp(&ds, '\n');
-    unixctl_command_reply(conn, ds_cstr(&ds));
-    ds_destroy(&ds);
-}
-
-/* Disable using the megaflows.
- *
- * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
- * documented in the man page. */
-static void
-ofproto_unixctl_dpif_disable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
-                                       int argc OVS_UNUSED,
-                                       const char *argv[] OVS_UNUSED,
-                                       void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    enable_megaflows = false;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        flush(&ofproto->up);
-    }
-
-    unixctl_command_reply(conn, "megaflows disabled");
-}
-
-/* Re-enable using megaflows.
- *
- * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
- * documented in the man page. */
-static void
-ofproto_unixctl_dpif_enable_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
-                                      int argc OVS_UNUSED,
-                                      const char *argv[] OVS_UNUSED,
-                                      void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-
-    enable_megaflows = true;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
-        flush(&ofproto->up);
-    }
-
-    unixctl_command_reply(conn, "megaflows enabled");
-}
-
 static bool
 ofproto_dpif_contains_flow(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                            const struct nlattr *key, size_t key_len)
@@ -5826,20 +4022,12 @@ ofproto_dpif_unixctl_init(void)
                              ofproto_unixctl_fdb_flush, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("fdb/show", "bridge", 1, 1,
                              ofproto_unixctl_fdb_show, NULL);
-    unixctl_command_register("ofproto/self-check", "[bridge]", 0, 1,
-                             ofproto_dpif_self_check, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("dpif/dump-dps", "", 0, 0,
                              ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_dps, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("dpif/show", "", 0, 0, ofproto_unixctl_dpif_show,
                              NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("dpif/dump-flows", "bridge", 1, 1,
                              ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows, NULL);
-    unixctl_command_register("dpif/dump-megaflows", "bridge", 1, 1,
-                             ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_megaflows, NULL);
-    unixctl_command_register("dpif/disable-megaflows", "", 0, 0,
-                             ofproto_unixctl_dpif_disable_megaflows, NULL);
-    unixctl_command_register("dpif/enable-megaflows", "", 0, 0,
-                             ofproto_unixctl_dpif_enable_megaflows, NULL);
 }
 
 /* Linux VLAN device support (e.g. "eth0.10" for VLAN 10.)
@@ -6111,7 +4299,7 @@ const struct ofproto_class ofproto_dpif_class = {
     dealloc,
     run,
     wait,
-    get_memory_usage,
+    NULL,                       /* get_memory_usage. */
     type_get_memory_usage,
     flush,
     get_features,
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto-provider.h b/ofproto/ofproto-provider.h
index bc08189..cc318ee 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto-provider.h
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto-provider.h
@@ -455,13 +455,13 @@ void rule_collection_ref(struct rule_collection *) OVS_REQUIRES(ofproto_mutex);
 void rule_collection_unref(struct rule_collection *);
 void rule_collection_destroy(struct rule_collection *);
 
-/* Threshold at which to begin flow table eviction. Only affects the
- * ofproto-dpif implementation */
-extern unsigned flow_eviction_threshold;
+/* Limits the number of flows allowed in the datapath. Only affects the
+ * ofproto-dpif implementation. */
+extern unsigned ofproto_flow_limit;
 
-/* Number of upcall handler threads. Only affects the ofproto-dpif
- * implementation. */
-extern size_t n_handlers;
+/* Number of upcall handler and revalidator threads. Only affects the
+ * ofproto-dpif implementation. */
+extern size_t n_handlers, n_revalidators;
 
 /* Determines which model to use for handling misses in the ofproto-dpif
  * implementation */
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto.c b/ofproto/ofproto.c
index ef444a2..75461e2 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto.c
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto.c
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@ static size_t allocated_ofproto_classes;
 /* Global lock that protects all flow table operations. */
 struct ovs_mutex ofproto_mutex = OVS_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
 
-unsigned flow_eviction_threshold = OFPROTO_FLOW_EVICTION_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT;
+unsigned ofproto_flow_limit = OFPROTO_FLOW_LIMIT_DEFAULT;
 enum ofproto_flow_miss_model flow_miss_model = OFPROTO_HANDLE_MISS_AUTO;
 
-size_t n_handlers;
+size_t n_handlers, n_revalidators;
 
 /* Map from datapath name to struct ofproto, for use by unixctl commands. */
 static struct hmap all_ofprotos = HMAP_INITIALIZER(&all_ofprotos);
@@ -693,10 +693,9 @@ ofproto_set_in_band_queue(struct ofproto *ofproto, int queue_id)
 /* Sets the number of flows at which eviction from the kernel flow table
  * will occur. */
 void
-ofproto_set_flow_eviction_threshold(unsigned threshold)
+ofproto_set_flow_limit(unsigned limit)
 {
-    flow_eviction_threshold = MAX(OFPROTO_FLOW_EVICTION_THRESHOLD_MIN,
-                                  threshold);
+    ofproto_flow_limit = limit;
 }
 
 /* Sets the path for handling flow misses. */
@@ -734,13 +733,23 @@ ofproto_set_mac_table_config(struct ofproto *ofproto, unsigned idle_time,
     }
 }
 
-/* Sets number of upcall handler threads.  The default is
- * (number of online cores - 2). */
 void
-ofproto_set_threads(size_t n_handlers_)
+ofproto_set_threads(size_t n_handlers_, size_t n_revalidators_)
 {
-    int threads = MAX(count_cpu_cores() - 2, 1);
-    n_handlers = n_handlers_ ? n_handlers_ : threads;
+    int threads = MAX(count_cpu_cores(), 2);
+
+    n_revalidators = n_revalidators_;
+    n_handlers = n_handlers_;
+
+    if (!n_revalidators) {
+        n_revalidators = n_handlers
+            ? MAX(threads - (int) n_handlers, 1)
+            : threads / 4 + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!n_handlers) {
+        n_handlers = MAX(threads - (int) n_revalidators, 1);
+    }
 }
 
 void
diff --git a/ofproto/ofproto.h b/ofproto/ofproto.h
index 4822128..3034d32 100644
--- a/ofproto/ofproto.h
+++ b/ofproto/ofproto.h
@@ -213,8 +213,7 @@ int ofproto_port_dump_done(struct ofproto_port_dump *);
           : (ofproto_port_dump_done(DUMP), false));         \
         )
 
-#define OFPROTO_FLOW_EVICTION_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT  2500
-#define OFPROTO_FLOW_EVICTION_THRESHOLD_MIN 100
+#define OFPROTO_FLOW_LIMIT_DEFAULT 200000
 
 /* How flow misses should be handled in ofproto-dpif */
 enum ofproto_flow_miss_model {
@@ -243,12 +242,12 @@ void ofproto_reconnect_controllers(struct ofproto *);
 void ofproto_set_extra_in_band_remotes(struct ofproto *,
                                        const struct sockaddr_in *, size_t n);
 void ofproto_set_in_band_queue(struct ofproto *, int queue_id);
-void ofproto_set_flow_eviction_threshold(unsigned threshold);
+void ofproto_set_flow_limit(unsigned limit);
 void ofproto_set_flow_miss_model(unsigned model);
 void ofproto_set_forward_bpdu(struct ofproto *, bool forward_bpdu);
 void ofproto_set_mac_table_config(struct ofproto *, unsigned idle_time,
                                   size_t max_entries);
-void ofproto_set_threads(size_t n_handlers);
+void ofproto_set_threads(size_t n_handlers, size_t n_revalidators);
 void ofproto_set_dp_desc(struct ofproto *, const char *dp_desc);
 int ofproto_set_snoops(struct ofproto *, const struct sset *snoops);
 int ofproto_set_netflow(struct ofproto *,
diff --git a/tests/ofproto-dpif.at b/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
index 90faea1..9cd2393 100644
--- a/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
+++ b/tests/ofproto-dpif.at
@@ -2100,22 +2100,23 @@ for delay in 1000 30000; do
     ovs-appctl time/warp $delay
 done
 
+ovs-appctl time/warp 6000
 sleep 1
 OVS_VSWITCHD_STOP
 ovs-appctl -t test-netflow exit
 
-AT_CHECK([[sed -e 's/, uptime [0-9]*//
-s/, now [0-9.]*//
-s/time \([0-9]*\)\.\.\.\1$/time <moment>/
-s/time [0-9]*\.\.\.[0-9]*/time <range>/
-' netflow.log | sort]], [0],
-  [
-header: v5, seq 0, engine 2,1
-header: v5, seq 1, engine 2,1
-seq 0: 192.168.0.1 > 192.168.0.2, if 1 > 65535, 1 pkts, 60 bytes, ICMP 8:0, time <moment>
-seq 1: 192.168.0.1 > 192.168.0.2, if 1 > 2, 1 pkts, 60 bytes, ICMP 8:0, time <moment>
-seq 1: 192.168.0.2 > 192.168.0.1, if 2 > 1, 2 pkts, 120 bytes, ICMP 0:0, time <range>
-])
+AT_CHECK([grep "192.168.0.1 > 192.168.0.2, if 1 > 65535, 1 pkts, 60 bytes, ICMP 8:0" netflow.log | wc -l], [0], [dnl
+1
+], [ignore])
+
+AT_CHECK([grep "192.168.0.1 > 192.168.0.2, if 1 > 2, 1 pkts, 60 bytes, ICMP 8:0" netflow.log | wc -l], [0], [dnl
+1
+], [ignore])
+
+combined=`grep "192.168.0.2 > 192.168.0.1, if 2 > 1, 2 pkts, 120 bytes, ICMP 0:0" netflow.log | wc -l`
+separate=`grep "192.168.0.2 > 192.168.0.1, if 2 > 1, 1 pkts, 60 bytes, ICMP 0:0" netflow.log | wc -l`
+AT_CHECK([test $separate = 2 || test $combined = 1], [0])
+
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 dnl Test that basic NetFlow reports active expirations correctly.
@@ -2192,12 +2193,6 @@ done < netflow.log
 AT_CHECK([echo $n_learn $n_in $n_out $n_other], [0], [1 59 60 0
 ])
 
-# There should be 1 expiration for MAC learning,
-# at least 5 active and a final expiration in one direction,
-# and at least 5 active and a final expiration in the other direction.
-echo $n_recs
-AT_CHECK([test $n_recs -ge 13])
-
 AT_CLEANUP
 
 AT_SETUP([idle_age and hard_age increase over time])
@@ -2347,12 +2342,11 @@ ADD_OF_PORTS([br1], [3])
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show], [0], [dnl
 dummy at ovs-dummy: hit:0 missed:0
-	flows: cur: 0, avg: 0, max: 0
-	br0: hit:0 missed:0
+	br0:
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (dummy)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
-	br1: hit:0 missed:0
+	br1:
 		br1 65534/101: (dummy)
 		p3 3/3: (dummy)
 ])
@@ -2409,12 +2403,11 @@ warped
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show], [0], [dnl
 dummy at ovs-dummy: hit:13 missed:2
-	flows: cur: 2, avg: 1, max: 2
-	br0: hit:9 missed:1
+	br0:
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
 		pbr0 1/none: (patch: peer=pbr1)
-	br1: hit:4 missed:1
+	br1:
 		br1 65534/101: (dummy)
 		p3 3/3: (dummy)
 		pbr1 1/none: (patch: peer=pbr0)
@@ -2442,34 +2435,6 @@ OFPST_PORT reply (xid=0x4): 1 ports
 OVS_VSWITCHD_STOP
 AT_CLEANUP
 
-AT_SETUP([ofproto-dpif - ovs-appctl dpif/show rates])
-OVS_VSWITCHD_START([set Bridge br0 fail-mode=secure])
-ADD_OF_PORTS([br0], 1, 2)
-
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl time/stop])
-AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 actions=LOCAL,output:1,output:2])
-
-for i in $(seq 1 61); do
-    ovs-appctl netdev-dummy/receive br0 'in_port(1),eth(src=50:54:00:00:00:05,dst=50:54:00:00:00:07),eth_type(0x0800),ipv4(src=192.168.0.1,dst=192.168.0.2,proto=1,tos=0,ttl=64,frag=no),icmp(type=8,code=0)'
-    ovs-appctl time/warp 10000
-    ovs-appctl time/warp 50000
-done
-
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl time/warp 10000], [0], [warped
-])
-
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | sed 's/ 10[[0-9]]\{3\}(ms)$/ 10000(ms)/'], [0], [dnl
-dummy at ovs-dummy: hit:0 missed:61
-	flows: cur: 0, avg: 0, max: 1
-	br0: hit:0 missed:61
-		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
-		p1 1/1: (dummy)
-		p2 2/2: (dummy)
-])
-
-OVS_VSWITCHD_STOP
-AT_CLEANUP
-
 AT_SETUP([ofproto-dpif - port duration])
 OVS_VSWITCHD_START([set Bridge br0 protocols=OpenFlow13])
 ADD_OF_PORTS([br0], 1, 2)
@@ -2949,7 +2914,7 @@ AT_DATA([flows.txt], [dnl
 table=0 in_port=1,ip,nw_dst=10.0.0.1 actions=output(2)
 table=0 in_port=1,ip,nw_dst=10.0.0.3 actions=drop
 ])
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/disable-megaflows], [0], [megaflows disabled
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl upcall/disable-megaflows], [0], [megaflows disabled
 ], [])
 AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl vlog/set dpif_netdev:dbg], [0], [], [])
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
diff --git a/tests/ovs-ofctl.at b/tests/ovs-ofctl.at
index 6e6461b..bda8666 100644
--- a/tests/ovs-ofctl.at
+++ b/tests/ovs-ofctl.at
@@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flow br0 "tcp,tcp_flags=+ack-ack,action="], [1], [],
   [ovs-ofctl: ack: Each TCP flag can be specified only once
 ])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +5], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
 		p1 1/1: (dummy)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
 ])
diff --git a/tests/tunnel.at b/tests/tunnel.at
index 982d22a..4f22b3f 100644
--- a/tests/tunnel.at
+++ b/tests/tunnel.at
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ actions=IN_PORT
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/1: (gre: local_ip=2.2.2.2, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ dnl reconfigure, local_ip, remote_ip
 AT_CHECK([ovs-vsctl set Interface p2 type=gre options:local_ip=2.2.2.3 \
           options:df_default=false options:ttl=1 options:csum=true \
           -- set Interface p3 type=gre64])
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/1: (gre: csum=true, df_default=false, local_ip=2.2.2.3, remote_ip=1.1.1.1, ttl=1)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ actions=2
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ actions=output:1
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: key=5, local_ip=2.2.2.2, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ actions=output:1
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: remote_ip=1.1.1.1, tos=inherit, ttl=inherit)
 		p2 2/2: (dummy)
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ actions=set_tunnel:1,output:1,set_tunnel:2,output:2,set_tunnel:3,output:3,set_tu
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: key=flow, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/1: (gre: key=flow, remote_ip=2.2.2.2)
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ actions=IN_PORT,output:1,output:2,output:3
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: key=1, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/1: (gre: in_key=2, out_key=3, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ tun_id=4,actions=output:5
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-ofctl add-flows br0 flows.txt])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (gre: key=flow, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 		p2 2/1: (gre: key=3, remote_ip=3.3.3.3)
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ AT_SETUP([tunnel - VXLAN])
 OVS_VSWITCHD_START([add-port br0 p1 -- set Interface p1 type=vxlan \
                     options:remote_ip=1.1.1.1 ofport_request=1])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (vxlan: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 ])
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ AT_SETUP([tunnel - LISP])
 OVS_VSWITCHD_START([add-port br0 p1 -- set Interface p1 type=lisp \
                     options:remote_ip=1.1.1.1 ofport_request=1])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (lisp: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 ])
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ AT_SETUP([tunnel - different VXLAN UDP port])
 OVS_VSWITCHD_START([add-port br0 p1 -- set Interface p1 type=vxlan \
                     options:remote_ip=1.1.1.1 ofport_request=1 options:dst_port=4341])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (vxlan: dst_port=4341, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 ])
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ dnl change UDP port
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-vsctl -- set Interface p1 options:dst_port=5000])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/2: (vxlan: dst_port=5000, remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 ])
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ dnl change UDP port to default
 
 AT_CHECK([ovs-vsctl -- set Interface p1 options:dst_port=4789])
 
-AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +4], [0], [dnl
+AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpif/show | tail -n +3], [0], [dnl
 		br0 65534/100: (dummy)
 		p1 1/1: (vxlan: remote_ip=1.1.1.1)
 ])
diff --git a/vswitchd/bridge.c b/vswitchd/bridge.c
index 9282c59..6311ff3 100644
--- a/vswitchd/bridge.c
+++ b/vswitchd/bridge.c
@@ -493,12 +493,12 @@ bridge_reconfigure(const struct ovsrec_open_vswitch *ovs_cfg)
 
     COVERAGE_INC(bridge_reconfigure);
 
-    ofproto_set_flow_eviction_threshold(
-        smap_get_int(&ovs_cfg->other_config, "flow-eviction-threshold",
-                     OFPROTO_FLOW_EVICTION_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT));
+    ofproto_set_flow_limit(smap_get_int(&ovs_cfg->other_config, "flow-limit",
+                                        OFPROTO_FLOW_LIMIT_DEFAULT));
 
     ofproto_set_threads(
-        smap_get_int(&ovs_cfg->other_config, "n-handler-threads", 0));
+        smap_get_int(&ovs_cfg->other_config, "n-handler-threads", 0),
+        smap_get_int(&ovs_cfg->other_config, "n-revalidator-threads", 0));
 
     bridge_configure_flow_miss_model(smap_get(&ovs_cfg->other_config,
                                               "force-miss-model"));
diff --git a/vswitchd/vswitch.xml b/vswitchd/vswitch.xml
index ee1c058..5fd82fc 100644
--- a/vswitchd/vswitch.xml
+++ b/vswitchd/vswitch.xml
@@ -123,17 +123,16 @@
         </p>
       </column>
 
-      <column name="other_config" key="flow-eviction-threshold"
+      <column name="other_config" key="flow-limit"
               type='{"type": "integer", "minInteger": 0}'>
         <p>
-          A number of flows as a nonnegative integer.  This sets number of
-          flows at which eviction from the datapath flow table will be
-          triggered.  If there are a large number of flows then increasing this
-          value to around the number of flows present can result in reduced CPU
-          usage and packet loss.
+          The maximum
+          number of flows allowed in the datapath flow table.  Internally OVS
+          will choose a flow limit which will likely be lower than this number,
+          based on real time network conditions.
         </p>
         <p>
-          The default is 2500.  Values below 100 will be rounded up to 100.
+          The default is 200000.
         </p>
       </column>
 
@@ -163,8 +162,28 @@
               type='{"type": "integer", "minInteger": 1}'>
         <p>
           Specifies the number of threads for software datapaths to use for
-          handling new flows.  The default is two less than the number of
-          online CPU cores (but at least 1).
+          handling new flows.  The default the number of online CPU cores minus
+          the number of revalidators.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          This configuration is per datapath.  If you have more than one
+          software datapath (e.g. some <code>system</code> bridges and some
+          <code>netdev</code> bridges), then the total number of threads is
+          <code>n-handler-threads</code> times the number of software
+          datapaths.
+        </p>
+      </column>
+
+      <column name="other_config" key="n-revalidator-threads"
+              type='{"type": "integer", "minInteger": 1}'>
+        <p>
+          Specifies the number of threads for software datapaths to use for
+          revalidating flows in the datapath.  Typically, there is a direct
+          correlation between the number of revalidator threads, and the number
+          of flows allowed in the datapath.  The default is the number of cpu
+          cores divided by four plus one.  If <code>n-handler-threads</code> is
+          set, the default changes to the number of cpu cores minus the number
+          of handler threads.
         </p>
         <p>
           This configuration is per datapath.  If you have more than one
-- 
1.8.1.2




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