[ovs-dev] [PATCH ovn] ovn: introduce IP_SRC_POLICY stage in ingress router pipeline
Han Zhou
hzhou at ovn.org
Wed May 20 17:20:02 UTC 2020
On Wed, May 20, 2020 at 7:38 AM Dumitru Ceara <dceara at redhat.com> wrote:
>
> On 5/19/20 6:42 PM, Lorenzo Bianconi wrote:
> > In order to fix the issues introduced by commit
> > c0bf32d72f8b ("Manage ARP process locally in a DVR scenario "), restore
> > previous configuration of table 9 in ingress router pipeline and
> > introduce a new stage called 'ip_src_policy' used to set the src address
> > info in order to not distribute FIP traffic if DVR is enabled
> >
> > Fixes: c0bf32d72f8b ("Manage ARP process locally in a DVR scenario ")
> > Tested-by: Jakub Libosvar <jlibosva at redhat.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo.bianconi at redhat.com>
>
> Hi Lorenzo,
>
> As I mentioned on the RFC patch, if there is a way that we can fix this
> issue without the need for a new pipeline stage I think that would be
> preferable. I don't see an easy way to do that but maybe Han and others
> have suggestions.
>
Hi, I'm reviewing this but could you educate me the detailed scenario that
the original patch c0bf32d72f8b ("Manage ARP process locally in a DVR
scenario ") was trying to solve? From the description added in this patch I
still can't understand: why do we need to avoid sending traffic through
tunnel, and why setting the src-IP and src-Mac would avoid that?
> > ---
> > Changes since RFC:
> > - added unit-tests
> > ---
> > northd/ovn-northd.8.xml | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
> > northd/ovn-northd.c | 38 ++++++++++--------------
> > tests/ovn.at | 28 +++++-------------
> > tests/system-ovn.at | 28 ++++++++++++++++++
> > 4 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/northd/ovn-northd.8.xml b/northd/ovn-northd.8.xml
> > index 8f224b07f..09dbb52b4 100644
> > --- a/northd/ovn-northd.8.xml
> > +++ b/northd/ovn-northd.8.xml
> > @@ -2484,37 +2484,6 @@ output;
> > </p>
> > </li>
> >
> > - <li>
> > - <p>
> > - For distributed logical routers where one of the logical
router ports
> > - specifies a <code>redirect-chassis</code>, a priority-400
logical
> > - flow for each <code>dnat_and_snat</code> NAT rules
configured.
> > - These flows will allow to properly forward traffic to the
external
> > - connections if available and avoid sending it through the
tunnel.
> > - Assuming the following NAT rule has been configured:
> > - </p>
> > -
> > - <pre>
> > -external_ip = <var>A</var>;
> > -external_mac = <var>B</var>;
> > -logical_ip = <var>C</var>;
> > - </pre>
> > -
> > - <p>
> > - the following action will be applied:
> > - </p>
> > -
> > - <pre>
> > -ip.ttl--;
> > -reg0 = <var>ip.dst</var>;
> > -reg1 = <var>A</var>;
> > -eth.src = <var>B</var>;
> > -outport = <var>router-port</var>;
> > -next;
> > - </pre>
> > -
> > - </li>
> > -
> > <li>
> > <p>
> > IPv4 routing table. For each route to IPv4 network
<var>N</var> with
> > @@ -2660,7 +2629,35 @@ outport = <var>P</var>;
> > </li>
> > </ul>
> >
> > - <h3>Ingress Table 12: ARP/ND Resolution</h3>
> > + <h3>Ingress Table 12: IP Source Policy</h3>
> > +
> > + <p>
> > + This table contains for distributed logical routers where one of
> > + the logical router ports specifies a
<code>redirect-chassis</code>,
> > + a priority-100 logical flow for each <code>dnat_and_snat</code>
> > + NAT rules configured.
> > + These flows will allow to properly forward traffic to the
external
> > + connections if available and avoid sending it through the tunnel.
> > + Assuming the following NAT rule has been configured:
> > + </p>
> > +
> > + <pre>
> > +external_ip = <var>A</var>;
> > +external_mac = <var>B</var>;
> > +logical_ip = <var>C</var>;
> > + </pre>
> > +
> > + <p>
> > + the following action will be applied:
> > + </p>
> > +
> > + <pre>
> > +reg1 = <var>A</var>;
> > +eth.src = <var>B</var>;
> > +next;
> > + </pre>
> > +
>
> This section of the man page will show what action we perform on
> traffic, i.e., move external_ip in reg1 (for SNAT) and move external_mac
> in eth.src but there's no mention about what kind of traffic will match
> these flows, that is: "ip.src == logical_ip &&
> is_chassis_resident(logical_port)".
>
> > + <h3>Ingress Table 13: ARP/ND Resolution</h3>
> >
> > <p>
> > Any packet that reaches this table is an IP packet whose next-hop
> > @@ -2819,7 +2816,7 @@ outport = <var>P</var>;
> >
> > </ul>
> >
> > - <h3>Ingress Table 13: Check packet length</h3>
> > + <h3>Ingress Table 14: Check packet length</h3>
> >
> > <p>
> > For distributed logical routers with distributed gateway port
configured
> > @@ -2849,7 +2846,7 @@ REGBIT_PKT_LARGER =
check_pkt_larger(<var>L</var>); next;
> > and advances to the next table.
> > </p>
> >
> > - <h3>Ingress Table 14: Handle larger packets</h3>
> > + <h3>Ingress Table 15: Handle larger packets</h3>
> >
>
> Indices for tables "Gateway Redirect" and "ARP Request" should be
> updated too.
>
> > <p>
> > For distributed logical routers with distributed gateway port
configured
> > diff --git a/northd/ovn-northd.c b/northd/ovn-northd.c
> > index 3c0070ea7..d5f3997a9 100644
> > --- a/northd/ovn-northd.c
> > +++ b/northd/ovn-northd.c
> > @@ -175,11 +175,12 @@ enum ovn_stage {
> > PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, IP_ROUTING, 9,
"lr_in_ip_routing") \
> > PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, IP_ROUTING_ECMP, 10,
"lr_in_ip_routing_ecmp") \
> > PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, POLICY, 11, "lr_in_policy")
\
> > - PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, ARP_RESOLVE, 12,
"lr_in_arp_resolve") \
> > - PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, CHK_PKT_LEN , 13,
"lr_in_chk_pkt_len") \
> > - PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, LARGER_PKTS,
14,"lr_in_larger_pkts") \
> > - PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, GW_REDIRECT, 15,
"lr_in_gw_redirect") \
> > - PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, ARP_REQUEST, 16,
"lr_in_arp_request") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, IP_SRC_POLICY, 12,
"lr_in_ip_src_policy") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, ARP_RESOLVE, 13,
"lr_in_arp_resolve") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, CHK_PKT_LEN , 14,
"lr_in_chk_pkt_len") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, LARGER_PKTS,
15,"lr_in_larger_pkts") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, GW_REDIRECT, 16,
"lr_in_gw_redirect") \
> > + PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, IN, ARP_REQUEST, 17,
"lr_in_arp_request") \
> > \
> > /* Logical router egress stages. */ \
> > PIPELINE_STAGE(ROUTER, OUT, UNDNAT, 0, "lr_out_undnat") \
> > @@ -7103,8 +7104,6 @@ build_routing_policy_flow(struct hmap *lflows,
struct ovn_datapath *od,
> > ds_destroy(&actions);
> > }
> >
> > -/* default logical flow prioriry for distributed routes */
> > -#define DROUTE_PRIO 400
> > struct parsed_route {
> > struct ovs_list list_node;
> > struct v46_ip prefix;
> > @@ -7493,7 +7492,7 @@ build_ecmp_route_flow(struct hmap *lflows, struct
ovn_datapath *od,
> > }
> >
> > static void
> > -add_distributed_routes(struct hmap *lflows, struct ovn_datapath *od)
> > +add_ip_src_policy_flows(struct hmap *lflows, struct ovn_datapath *od)
> > {
> > struct ds actions = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
> > struct ds match = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
> > @@ -7511,12 +7510,9 @@ add_distributed_routes(struct hmap *lflows,
struct ovn_datapath *od)
> > is_ipv4 ? "4" : "6", nat->logical_ip,
> > nat->logical_port);
> > char *prefix = is_ipv4 ? "" : "xx";
> > - ds_put_format(&actions, "outport = %s; eth.src = %s; "
> > - "%sreg0 = ip%s.dst; %sreg1 = %s; next;",
> > - od->l3dgw_port->json_key, nat->external_mac,
> > - prefix, is_ipv4 ? "4" : "6",
> > - prefix, nat->external_ip);
> > - ovn_lflow_add(lflows, od, S_ROUTER_IN_IP_ROUTING, DROUTE_PRIO,
> > + ds_put_format(&actions, "eth.src = %s; %sreg1 = %s; next;",
> > + nat->external_mac, prefix, nat->external_ip);
> > + ovn_lflow_add(lflows, od, S_ROUTER_IN_IP_SRC_POLICY, 100,
> > ds_cstr(&match), ds_cstr(&actions));
> > ds_clear(&match);
> > ds_clear(&actions);
> > @@ -7547,12 +7543,6 @@ add_route(struct hmap *lflows, const struct
ovn_port *op,
> > }
> > build_route_match(op_inport, network_s, plen, is_src_route,
is_ipv4,
> > &match, &priority);
> > - /* traffic for internal IPs of logical switch ports must be sent to
> > - * the gw controller through the overlay tunnels
> > - */
> > - if (op->nbrp && !op->nbrp->n_gateway_chassis) {
> > - priority += DROUTE_PRIO;
> > - }
> >
> > struct ds actions = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
> > ds_put_format(&actions, "ip.ttl--; "REG_ECMP_GROUP_ID" = 0; %sreg0
= ",
> > @@ -9519,9 +9509,13 @@ build_lrouter_flows(struct hmap *datapaths,
struct hmap *ports,
> > * logical router
> > */
> > HMAP_FOR_EACH (od, key_node, datapaths) {
> > - if (od->nbr && od->l3dgw_port) {
> > - add_distributed_routes(lflows, od);
> > + if (!od->nbr) {
> > + continue;
> > + }
> > + if (od->l3dgw_port) {
> > + add_ip_src_policy_flows(lflows, od);
> > }
> > + ovn_lflow_add(lflows, od, S_ROUTER_IN_IP_SRC_POLICY, 0, "1",
"next;");
> > }
> >
> > /* Logical router ingress table IP_ROUTING & IP_ROUTING_ECMP: IP
Routing.
> > diff --git a/tests/ovn.at b/tests/ovn.at
> > index f39fda2e4..fcc34fd5d 100644
> > --- a/tests/ovn.at
> > +++ b/tests/ovn.at
> > @@ -9637,20 +9637,6 @@ AT_CHECK([as hv3 ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch .
external-ids:ovn-bridge-mappings=p
> > OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test 1 = `as hv3 ovs-vsctl show | \
> > grep "Port patch-br-int-to-ln_port" | wc -l`])
> >
> > -AT_CHECK([test 1 = `ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep lr_in_ip_routing |
\
> > -grep "ip4.src == 10.0.0.3 && is_chassis_resident(\"foo1\")" -c`])
> > -AT_CHECK([test 1 = `ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep lr_in_ip_routing |
\
> > -grep "ip4.src == 10.0.0.4 && is_chassis_resident(\"foo2\")" -c`])
> > -
> > -key=`ovn-sbctl --bare --columns tunnel_key list datapath_Binding lr0`
> > -# Check that the OVS flows appear for the dnat_and_snat entries in
> > -# lr_in_ip_routing table.
> > -OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test 1 = `as hv3 ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int table=17
| \
> > -grep "priority=400,ip,metadata=0x$key,nw_src=10.0.0.3" -c`])
> > -
> > -OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([test 1 = `as hv3 ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int table=17
| \
> > -grep "priority=400,ip,metadata=0x$key,nw_src=10.0.0.4" -c`])
> > -
> > # Re-add nat-addresses option
> > ovn-nbctl lsp-set-options lrp0-rp router-port=lrp0
nat-addresses="router"
> >
> > @@ -15141,7 +15127,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > # Since the sw0-vir is not claimed by any chassis, eth.dst should be
set to
> > # zero if the ip4.dst is the virtual ip in the router pipeline.
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 00:00:00:00:00:00; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 00:00:00:00:00:00; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > ip_to_hex() {
> > @@ -15192,7 +15178,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > # There should be an arp resolve flow to resolve the virtual_ip with
the
> > # sw0-p1's MAC.
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:03; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:03; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # Forcibly clear virtual_parent. ovn-controller should release the
binding
> > @@ -15233,7 +15219,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > # There should be an arp resolve flow to resolve the virtual_ip with
the
> > # sw0-p2's MAC.
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:05; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:05; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # send the garp from sw0-p2 (in hv2). hv2 should claim sw0-vir
> > @@ -15256,7 +15242,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > # There should be an arp resolve flow to resolve the virtual_ip with
the
> > # sw0-p3's MAC.
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:04; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:04; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # Now send arp reply from sw0-p1. hv1 should claim sw0-vir
> > @@ -15277,7 +15263,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > > lflows.txt
> >
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:03; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:03; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # Delete hv1-vif1 port. hv1 should release sw0-vir
> > @@ -15295,7 +15281,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > > lflows.txt
> >
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 00:00:00:00:00:00; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 00:00:00:00:00:00; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # Now send arp reply from sw0-p2. hv2 should claim sw0-vir
> > @@ -15316,7 +15302,7 @@ ovn-sbctl dump-flows lr0 | grep
lr_in_arp_resolve | grep "reg0 == 10.0.0.10" \
> > > lflows.txt
> >
> > AT_CHECK([cat lflows.txt], [0], [dnl
> > - table=12(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:04; next;)
> > + table=13(lr_in_arp_resolve ), priority=100 , match=(outport ==
"lr0-sw0" && reg0 == 10.0.0.10), action=(eth.dst = 50:54:00:00:00:04; next;)
> > ])
> >
> > # Delete sw0-p2 logical port
> > diff --git a/tests/system-ovn.at b/tests/system-ovn.at
>
> I think it's preferable to have the unit tests in ovn.at whenever
> possible so that they get run regularly.
>
> > index 9ae6c6b1f..1e4f147b4 100644
> > --- a/tests/system-ovn.at
> > +++ b/tests/system-ovn.at
> > @@ -2747,6 +2747,17 @@ ADD_VETH(alice1, alice1, br-int, "172.16.1.2/24",
"f0:00:00:01:02:05", \
> > ovn-nbctl lsp-add alice alice1 \
> > -- lsp-set-addresses alice1 "f0:00:00:01:02:05 172.16.1.2"
> >
> > +# Add external network
> > +ADD_NAMESPACES(ext-net)
> > +ip link add alice-ext netns alice1 type veth peer name ext-veth netns
ext-net
> > +ip -n ext-net link set dev ext-veth up
> > +ip -n ext-net addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev ext-veth
> > +ip -n ext-net route add default via 10.0.0.2
> > +
> > +ip -n alice1 link set dev alice-ext up
> > +ip -n alice1 addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev alice-ext
> > +ip netns exec alice1 sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
> > +
> > # Add DNAT rules
> > AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-nat-add R1 dnat_and_snat 172.16.1.3 192.168.1.2
foo1 00:00:02:02:03:04])
> > AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-nat-add R1 dnat_and_snat 172.16.1.4 192.168.1.3
foo2 00:00:02:02:03:05])
> > @@ -2754,6 +2765,9 @@ AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-nat-add R1 dnat_and_snat
172.16.1.4 192.168.1.3 foo2 00:0
> > # Add a SNAT rule
> > AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-nat-add R1 snat 172.16.1.1 192.168.0.0/16])
> >
> > +# Add default route to ext-net
> > +AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-route-add R1 10.0.0.0/24 172.16.1.2])
> > +
> > ovn-nbctl --wait=hv sync
> > OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([ovs-ofctl dump-flows br-int | grep
'nat(src=172.16.1.1)'])
> >
> > @@ -2776,6 +2790,20 @@ NS_CHECK_EXEC([foo2], [ping -q -c 3 -i 0.3 -w 2
172.16.1.2 | FORMAT_PING], \
> > 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
> > ])
> >
> > +# Try to ping external network
> > +NS_CHECK_EXEC([ext-net], [tcpdump -n -c 3 -i ext-veth dst 172.16.1.3
and icmp > ext-net.pcap &])
> > +sleep 1
> > +AT_CHECK([ovn-nbctl lr-nat-del R1 snat])
> > +NS_CHECK_EXEC([foo1], [ping -q -c 3 -i 0.3 -w 2 10.0.0.1 |
FORMAT_PING], \
> > +[0], [dnl
> > +3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
> > +])
> > +
> > +OVS_WAIT_UNTIL([
> > + total_pkts=$(cat ext-net.pcap | wc -l)
> > + test "${total_pkts}" = "3"
> > +])
> > +
> > # We verify that SNAT indeed happened via 'dump-conntrack' command.
> > AT_CHECK([ovs-appctl dpctl/dump-conntrack | FORMAT_CT(172.16.1.1) | \
> > sed -e 's/zone=[[0-9]]*/zone=<cleared>/'], [0], [dnl
> >
>
> The system test fails on my test machine (Fedora 32 with OVS master and
> OVN master + your patch applied):
>
> make check-system-userspace TESTSUITEFLAGS="17"
> [...]
> 17: ovn -- DNAT and SNAT on distributed router - N/S FAILED
> (system-ovn.at:2823)
>
> [...]
> system-ovn.at:2802: wait succeeded after 1 seconds
> ./system-ovn.at:2808: ovs-appctl dpctl/dump-conntrack | grep
> "dst=172.16.1.1" | sed -e 's/port=[0-9]*/port=<cleared>/g' -e
> 's/id=[0-9]*/id=<cleared>/g' -e 's/state=[0-9_A-Z]*/state=<cleared>/g' |
> sort | uniq | \
> sed -e 's/zone=[0-9]*/zone=<cleared>/'
> ./system-ovn.at:2813: ovs-appctl dpctl/flush-conntrack
> ./system-ovn.at:2817: ip netns exec bar1 sh << NS_EXEC_HEREDOC ping -q
> -c 3 -i 0.3 -w 2 172.16.1.2 | grep "transmitted" | sed 's/time.*ms$/time
> 0ms/'
> NS_EXEC_HEREDOC
> ./system-ovn.at:2823: ovs-appctl dpctl/dump-conntrack | grep
> "dst=172.16.1.1" | sed -e 's/port=[0-9]*/port=<cleared>/g' -e
> 's/id=[0-9]*/id=<cleared>/g' -e 's/state=[0-9_A-Z]*/state=<cleared>/g' |
> sort | uniq | \
> sed -e 's/zone=[0-9]*/zone=<cleared>/'
> --- - 2020-05-20 10:28:50.053113201 -0400
> +++ /root/ovn/tests/system-userspace-testsuite.dir/at-groups/17/stdout
> 2020-05-20 10:28:50.050668409 -0400
> @@ -1,2 +1 @@
>
-icmp,orig=(src=192.168.2.2,dst=172.16.1.2,id=<cleared>,type=8,code=0),reply=(src=172.16.1.2,dst=172.16.1.1,id=<cleared>,type=0,code=0),zone=<cleared>
> [...]
>
> Same happens when running the system test with the kernel datapath:
> make check-kernel TESTSUITEFLAGS="17"
> [...]
> 17: ovn -- DNAT and SNAT on distributed router - N/S FAILED
> (system-ovn.at:2823)
>
> Regards,
> Dumitru
>
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